Womens History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Womens History - Essay Example Constitution was ratified by the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote. Formation of one group in 1890, National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), Stanton being the president and the vice-president being Anthony was an effective strategy and vital policy to gain suffrage. The nonviolent approach was the suffragist’s logical strategy since Quakers and pacifists like Alice Paul, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B. Anthony who was its prominent leaders encouraged peaceful resistance in order to be equal with men. Another strategy that was used by the Suffrage Movement to outwit opponents was the involvement of professionals who had proved to be enormously competent, politically important, widely respected and highly influential like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, Carrie Chapman Catt, Harriet Stanton Blatch, and Alice Paul. Vigorous campaigning was another major input which gave the movement victory in the long run after over 72 years of campaigni ng and pooling of resources to fund it. The campaigns were filled with commitment, intrigue, dedication, and frustration. Millions of dollars were pooled as hundreds gave such aid wherever and whenever they could together with constant interest. Hundreds of women gave possibilities of an entire lifetime. Enlisting of new members also proved to be above par policy and strategy in order to popularize the movement. The inclusion of men was another strategy as men had vital roles in casting votes that could only be cast by men. The 19th Amendment was approved by virtually all-male Senate and House and ratified by 36 all-male, virtually, legislatures.Though the movement fought for the women’s rights, it is regarded in some quarters as a cause that was inconsequential worth neither of respect nor attention.  

Global Climate Change Essay Essay Example for Free

Global Climate Change Essay Essay Global Climate change is a term used to describe a gradual increase or change within the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere and its oceans. Global climate change is a rising issue in today’s society. There are various factors as to why the climate is changing; the factors are both human and natural. The human activities that cause climate change are burning fossil fuels, driving cars, and deforestation. The human causes are widely discussed but nobody ever considers the natural causes. Natural causes that contribute to global climate change are animal and plant respiration, volcanic eruptions, and the melting of ice caps. Although human activity is a main cause we still need to consider the natural causes because they are a huge factor when it comes to Global climate change. One natural effect of Global climate change is through animal and plant respiration. When a plant or an animal dies their bodies will decay into the ground. Once their bodies decay all of the C02 that was in their body is released into the atmosphere and the ground. The plants and animals that are buried deep underground will become fossil fuels millions of years later. Which is another leading cause of global climate change when humans burn them. All the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere from the death of an animal or plant causes climate change. Carbon dioxide is a green house gas, which is a gas that traps heat into the atmosphere. Green house gases are essential for human, animal, and plant life but the amount that we have on earth is negatively affecting our climate. The earth hasn’t held this much carbon for 420,000 years. Another natural effect of global climate change is through volcanic eruptions. When a volcano erupts it releases aerosols, which are a cooling agent for earth. But the volcanoes also release carbon dioxide a green house gas. This may seem like it’s not a problem because the cooling will keep the  heating in balance. But that’s not always the case, the cooling agent can leave our atmosphere and go into different layers of the earth. The further it goes into the layers determines how long it will take for the cooling to effect our atmosphere. For example, if the aerosols reach the stratosphere it can take years until it is released back onto the earth. While the release of co2 is an immediate effect because it’s trapped in the atmosphere. Below in image one, there is a graph that shows the affect a volcano has on the earth. As you can see in 1975 before the volcano erupted earth’s temperature was significantly lower. But in the 1980’s before it fully erupted earth’s temperature was rising, due to co2 being released. But once the volcano fully erupted in 1991 temperatures have not been below the +.01 mark, but they are still dropping and rising. This up and down effect of the temperature has caused cold temperatures, which lead to crop failures, which in return lead to extreme famine in the North American region. The last natural cause of global climate change that I will be discussing is the melting of ice caps. The melting of ice and snow seems like good thing because water is being absorbed back into our atmosphere, but in reality it isn’t a good thing at all. When the sun hits a bright surface, like snow it goes through a albedo process. The albedo of the snow causes 95% of the suns energy to be reflected. Below in image 2 it shows exactly how this process works. First the suns rays are reflected on to a surface to be reflected back into the space. But with all the snow melting the suns rays are being absorbed into the atmosphere causing the earth to heat up more. Before I fully researched global, I thought it was an event that was strictly caused by humans. But from the information that was provided you can see that that isn’t the case at all. Natural causes of global climate change affect the earth in a very significant way. Although the human causes of global climate change do outweigh the natural causes some scientist believe that this is just a natural cooling and warming event that goes through.

Propaganda And Its Uses By Countries, Especially During War Essay

Propaganda and Its Uses By Countries, Especially During War In order to gain the support of the public, countries use propaganda. During the Gulf War, Saddam Hussein and George Bush used propaganda to gain the support of their respective public. Propaganda was everywhere. It was on the radio and television and it brought the war into millions of homes. Propaganda was a vital part of the Gulf War because it provided the US and Iraq with the support of their public. Propaganda is always geared towards the populace claiming that the other country is the oppressor. The truth is often stretched or even fabricated to garner a public outcry for justice. The real truth, however, is very difficult to distinguish from fiction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The blame is often pushed to towards the other country. Iraq claimed that they were the victims and that the United States was the aggressor. Hussein declared that they had been victimized by Kuwait. According to Iraq, they had to pay back money that they did not have and Kuwait was responsible for the cutback on healthcare and other vital services. Since Kuwait voted against raising the price of oil, Iraq was unable to receive any revenue. It was because of this that Iraq invaded Kuwait. The United States claimed that Iraq was the aggressor. In the American media, Iraqi tanks were shown to enter a defenseless Kuwait amidst destroyed buildings. The American public was convinced that their troops were only there to protect and that...

Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats

Indian retail industry is dividing into organized and unorganized sectors. Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sale tax, income tax, etc. these include the corporate-backed hypermarket and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan shops, convenience shop, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc. Opportunity: * India is among 10 largest retail markets in the world. * Urbanization * Location advantage. * Falling real estate cost * E-retailing * Changing consumer habits and lifestyles. * The retail sector in India is worth USD 394 billion and is growing at the rate of 30% annually. * India is the least competitive as well as least saturated of all major global market. This implies that there are significantly low entry barriers for players trying to setup base in India in term of the competitive landscape. A good talent pool, unlimited opportunities, huge markets, and availability of quality raw materials at cheaper cost is expected to make India overtake the world’s best retail economies by 2040, according to industry players. * Currently, the market share of organized modern retail is just over 4 percent of the total retail industry, thereby leaving a huge untapped opportunity. * The composition of the Indian population is shifting towards the age group of 20-49 i. e. the working population with purchasing power. As per a Mckinsey report, of the current 204 million households in India, about 13 million households have the income to prop up growth of organized retail and this consumer segment is expected to grow at over 20% annually in the next eight years. * Rising disposable income: The second fastest growing economy has provided new employment avenues and the same have resulted in increase in number of people in the earners category. Increasing instances of double incomes in most families coupled with the rise in spending power is further fuelling growth in consumption and in turn growth of the retail sector. Shopping convenience: Apart from the population that has desire and ability to spend, the other factors that have patronized modern retail or organized retail is the convenience of shopping and wide variety. Threats * Inflation. * Lack of differentiation among the malls that are coming. * The industry is facing a severe shortage of talente d professionals, especially at the middle-management level. * Most Indian retail players are under serious pressure to make their supply chains more efficient in order to deliver the level of quality and service that consumers are demanding. Long intermediation chain would increase the costs by 15 percent. * Lack of adequate infrastructure with respect to roads, electricity has further led to the impediment of a pan-India network of suppliers. Due to these constraints, retail chains have to restore to multiple vendors for their requirements, thereby, raising costs and prices. * Retailing is yet to become a preferred career option for most of India’s educated class that has chosen sector like IT, BPO and financial services. * Policy related issues Lack of industry status for retail. * Numerous license, permits and registration requirement. * Farmer and retailer unfriendly APMC act. * Limited consumer insight * Lack of detailed region specific customer data. * Less data on spending pattern. * Inadequate human resources * Lack of trained personnel at all level. * Stringent employment and industry laws. * Fragment approach to human resources. * Taxation hurdle * Inconsistent octopi and entry tax structure. * Vat and m ultiple taxation issues. * Large grey market presence.

Pharmacy school admission Essay

A glimpse at the list of the top ten most desirable jobs in world will reveal that everyone either wants to be a fireman, doctor, lawyer or an airline pilot. Further down that line and one will discover that being a Doctor of Pharmacy is not among the list of most desirable jobs. This is an understandable fact given that not everyone comprehends the importance and complexity of the job. Unlike others, however, I was given the wonderful opportunity to see just what a Doctor of Pharmacy does and as such, it has strengthened my desire to be one. Probably one of the main reasons why I am keen on pursuing a Doctor of Pharmacy degree is because of my lifelong passion for helping out people. I vividly remember the first time I entered a Pharmacy. My uncle, who managed the Pharmacy at the corner of where I grew up as a child, had brought me to where he worked. He told me that it was like a candy store except that it was for grown ups and that it also made people happy. The moment he opened those doors and ushered me into the Pharmacy I was dumbfounded. Never had I seen so many colorful bottles and pills in orange plastic cylinders that looked no bigger than a tic-tac. If my uncle hadn’t told me that they were not candy I swear I could have eaten them all. The most amazing thing about that experience however was not how wonderful the store seemed to me back then as a child but the fact that every person who walked into that Pharmacy that day seemed to know him by name while he also knew them by heart. He knew their families, their ailments, their refills and prescriptions. He could even tell you from the handwriting alone which doctor had written out the prescription. This was a man of character and man who lived his life to help others. It was never a glamorous job yet that day, my uncle was a star. It was this passion that my uncle had for helping people and giving them the medicines that they needed that first got me thinking about pursuing a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. I have always believed that living life for oneself is not fulfilling. There is so much more to life than just the accumulation of material wealth. While I am certainly not preaching a religion, I would like to express my opinion that life should be lived in the service of others. The contributions that one can make to his community should never be overlooked. That is one of the reasons why I have chosen this profession and that is why I am confident that I will be able to be a catalyst of change in the future.

Fedralist 51 essays

Fedralist 51 essays James Madison wrote Federalist 51 because he wanted to make sure that the government of the United Stated has some kind of checks and balances for all branches. He wants to make sure that all the different departments have another department the checks them. If this was not in place today then our government could have many problems in their department by just making mistakes. Madisons words Ambition must be made to counteract ambition... fit right into the constitution because we need more than one branch so they can check each other. Madison wrote to inform people that we need checks and balances so no one branch could get too much power. Today, we have legislative, executive, and judicial branches, which fit right into the constitutional system and do not focus on just one idea. The separation of power in the government allows the different branches, such as the congress and the president, compromise their idea and come up with a resolution that benefits the majority. The separation of power also allows the pass through more than one department so there is nothing being passed that should not be. Madisons words are very important to the society today because our society has many ideas that the government just cannot pass. We need the checks and balances so that what is passed is checked more than once and corrected. If there were only one branch then they would only pass the laws, which were most appealing to that branch would be passed and not the others no matter which is important. Now if there is a law or an idea, it has to go through the congress, representatives, and the president who mostly makes the final decision. And if president does not like it he can veto it or the congress can take it out by number of votes. Our government and our people are fortunate because we dont have only one person making all of our decision for us but allow t ...

buy custom Concept of Globalization essay

buy custom Concept of Globalization essay According to Deepak (2002), The World Bank and the international monetary fund (IMF) have been undermining the power which different states possess through their constant making decisions which are very binding to the developing countries and are very undemocratic. This is using globalization in a negative manner in which the sovereignty and power found within a state are not considered when decisions are been made. The World Bank and IMF use the fact that when a country has no form of power then the country has no right to sovereign power (Tonelson, 2003). When developing countries are ensuring that their political systems and their government become democratic, their international counterparts such as the World Bank who are said to be part of the globalizing world are barely democratized. Democratization implies that people of a nation whether from a developed or that of developing country should be involved in decision making. This is not the case since the World Bank and IMF who are considered as the globalization players impose decisions such as liberalization and privatization policies that affect the developing countries. Decisions made by this organization should be democratic and not biased to the developing countries. Deepak (2002) asserts that, globalization has made developing countries to have great debt accumulation because of the decisions made by the World Bank and IMF to have great rates for the countries that borrows money from them (examples of these countries? Referencing would be good here). The fact that developing nations want to be part of the globalization process; they are force to borrow money from the international community so as to be in the same level with the globalization players (Deepak 2002).. The loan taken becomes a huge burden to be paid. When these debts accumulate the World Bank and IMF no longer allocate finances to social and economic goals of these countries hence there is no growth in globalization in these countries. The Greece bailout is a clear eample of IMF operation that happened recently which clearly defines its interventions. Government of Greece had turned to IMF to cover up its bankruptcy. This idea was met with great criticism that the discussed intervention will lead to tougher measures to ensure that cost is cut down. The decision by the IMF to assist in rising up little amount to cover bankruptcy was termed as merciless source of monetary delinquent which is normally associated with Americans and other developing countries. Other than the decision of assisting in rising up some money, the IMF could have lowered the rates it had offered to the Greece government so as to minimize the debt (Helena, 2010). Due to globalization, the decision of opening borders and having liberated labor movements by the world trade organization has created a situation of drain on human capacity from the underdeveloped countries (Deepak 2002). This has created a negative impact on globalization since the underdeveloped countries do not have any left knowledge on globalization due to brain drain. This claim is very clear and evident through such initiatives like Green Card where most of those applying for them come from poor nations to go and work in developed world such as America. In another term human capacity should be important in attracting globalization forces rather than frightening it away like what is done by the transnational corporation and other global entities such as the World Bank and the international monetary fund. According to Ha-joon (2002), Global civil society such as the non governmental organizations and civil rights movements has also played part in the definition of globalization as intrinsically undemocratic. This is because the civil society has largely been involved in making social decisions which instead should be under the control of the national government. For instance, they make demands such as accountability and transparency, competence in leadership, gender equality and democracy whose implementation lies within the hands of public administration. The civil society has taken thhe mandate of forcefully initiating them at unspecified cost hence going against transparency (Ha-joon, 2002). In conclusion the concept of globalization can simply be looked at as the hastening, intensifying, growing and widening effect of global interconnectedness even though it can be defined in various ways. Just like globalization has no single definition, there is no consensus as whether it is an important concept to illustrate current events or not. It entails interaction of people, cultures, economic and political activities aided by innovations in transport and communication technology. As all these aspect interact, decision making process concerning vital social and economic policies has shifted from being a single nations affair but left in the hands of foreigners and transitional organizations. As a result, globalization is basically undemocratic due to the fact that decision making on economic policy and social issues is no longer in the hands of national authorities but rests within the benevolence of transitional organizations. Although globalization has posed tremendous challenges to the developing countries compared to the developed countries, it is so obvious that it has greatly improved conditions which are inform of technology, infrastructures, equipments and institution. Transnational Corporation, supra-national organization, global entities and global civil societies should be at the forefront in ensuring that globalization is carried out in a democratic way and that all nations should have equal opportunities when it comes to the issue of globalization. It is very important that international agencies e.g. united nations to change the attitude of been undemocratic and instead provide the right technical assistance to public administration of different states, so as to strengthen their capacity in dealing with issues that concerns globalization. By so doing the world is guaranteed of an environment that is intrinsically democratic when it comes to understanding what globalization is. Buy custom Concept of Globalization essay

Word Choice Altar vs. Alter - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Altar vs. Alter - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Altar vs. Alter One little letter can make a very big difference sometimes, so it is important to make sure you know the difference between similarly spelled words which nevertheless have dissimilar meanings. In the case of altar and alter, for instance, the contrast couldn’t be much bigger! Whilst alter is a commonly used verb in English, altar is a noun which should only be used in a very specific context. Mixing these words up can therefore seriously impact upon the quality of your written work. So to help out we’ve thrown together this guide on how to use them. Alter (Modify) Alter is a verb which means â€Å"change† or â€Å"modify.† Thus if you are looking to describe an adjustment or change that something has undergone, use the word alter: After his sister forgave him, William decided to alter his will to include her. Altar (A Ceremonial Table) Altar, on the other hand, is a noun which refers to a table or raised surface used in religious ceremonies, including the Christian Eucharist. For example: The congregation faced the altar as they awaited Holy Communion. The word altar is also sometimes seen in the idiom â€Å"to sacrifice X on the altar of X.† This means to give up or neglect something in favor something else. Usually this is used in a negative way, such as: John sacrificed his family life on the altar of his career. The above relies upon the religious meaning of altar, metaphorically suggesting that John has failed to fulfill his family duties by sacrificing them in favor his work. Alter or Altar? It is quite easy to remember which of â€Å"alter† or â€Å"altar† to use in any given situation. Just keep the following in mind: Alter (verb) = Change Altar (noun) = A ceremonial table If you’re looking for a word meaning â€Å"change† or â€Å"modify,† it will always be a verb you need. As such, â€Å"alter† is the term you’re after. The noun â€Å"altar,† meanwhile, will usually only be applicable if you’re describing a religious ceremony of some kind. For further advice on vocabulary in your writing, you will find plenty of helpful tips in the word choice archive section of our academic blog. And to make sure that the spelling, grammar and vocabulary in your work are perfect, Proofed’s professional proofreaders provide a comprehensive range of proofreading and formatting services.

Creative Accounting and Corporate Governance Essay

Creative Accounting and Corporate Governance - Essay Example at its shares acquire premium value and (c) payment of high dividends through representing profits in an inflated manner by an over-valuation of assets. Griffiths identifies several such instances where there may be deceptive financial misreporting. Some of these include the practice by so called entrepreneurial Companies to â€Å"include capital profits from the sale of properties or shares†¦.as operating profits† although these had not actually been realized and were subject to speculation; booking â€Å"unrealized capital gains as operating profit† despite the fact that some of these so called profits were generated in transactions with business associates or within the same firm. (Griffits 1990:122). In such cases, there would often be secret arrangements in place whereby the so called â€Å"buyer† in the transaction could later transfer the assets back to the seller, just after the period when the balance sheet had to be generated. Other similar means employed were the reporting of the net profits of associated Companies as a part of their own profits, and keeping an ownership level of the Company at 4 9 percent, such that group accounts did not have to be consolidated and debts could remain unreported, thereby giving rise to a deceptive perception about its capital structure (Griffiths, 1992: 123). Creative Accounting is therefore a deceptive accounting practice that leaves room for unethical financial practices. In the case of Maxwell Communications Corporations, the Company produced a set of accounts that looked very healthy, yet a few months subsequently, the Company experienced a financial collapse. Pension funds available in the Company were being diverted to purchase companies which the Chairman Maxwell was interested in. Some of the means that were utilized by Maxwell to hide this diversion of funds included inconsistencies in the reporting of extraordinary expenses and exceptional items. Additionally, debt was disguised as equity and this executed

College Scholarship questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

College Scholarship questions - Essay Example Besides the access to excellent research programs and world renowned faculty, I have a soft spot for the universiy that has been the alma mater of many of my family members. My father too dreamt of graduating from here, but due to family problems had to begin working soon after high school. He’d be proud to see me graduate from a school after his own heart. I come from a small rural farming community and have worked with Hereford Cattle since I was 9 years old. I have started a small successful business with my Hereford herd and I want to improve my herd and work with other ranches to help develop and improve animal breeding. The department of Animal Science at A&M has undergraduate courses in animal breeding and genetics available to students like me and the possibility of participating in such research programs excites me. The field of embryo research and animal breeding is the goal I have set for myself. I shall work very hard to learn as much as I can while I pursue my bachelor’s degree. I plan to make full use of the facilities and the expert guidance that TAMU can offer me to help me attain my goal of doing a doctorate in embryo research. I want to be an embryologist and work towards new and path breaking research in this field. I am passionate about my job and enjoy every day to the fullest. I’d like to make a huge success of my chosen career; at the same time have a happy and contented family life. I’d love to discover something new for the cattle industry, make my mark in this field and contribute my mite to the future of the ranching

Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Divorce - Essay Example As Per divorce statistics, it is estimated that between 40 percent and 50 percent of first marriages end in divorce in the U.S while in other countries, the divorce rate for first marriages exceed 50% (Grazian para 1). Statistics also indicate that marriages between couples at a tender age have a higher probability of getting a divorce as opposed to couples who get married in their late-twenties. There exist numerous reasons for seeking divorce, which are associated with the collapse in the marriage institution. One of the key reasons that contribute to failure in marriage is the lack of communication or poor communication among the couples, this depicts a situation where one feels that he/she is not appreciated, and thus resentment develops. Other reasons include martial conflicts and arguments, infidelity, age, religion, education, and income. Education and income play a vital role in divorce statistics whereby married couples with higher education and a higher income are less like ly to get divorced, as opposed to couples with lower education and lower income levels. Different religious denominations also show different divorce rates with those having no religious affiliations bearing a lower divorce rate. The society has experience degradation from the overspill of events among the ever-increasing number of divorced couples. This experience ranges from moral degradation of their children to the tainting of the marriage institution. The effects of divorce can be felt in the society's family life, in terms of income potential, crime, and drug abuse, which takes toll in their physical and emotional health. Increased divorce rates in the society raise tension and anxiety among married couples, who fear ending up like their divorced friends. In addition, strain accrued from divorce proceedings take their toll on the parties involved as well as their children. This has seen an increase in the rate of drug abuse and alcoholism in an attempt to alleviate the strain. Divorce proceeding decrease the income levels of a household, thus diminishing their potential to generate and accumulate wealth. There has been a drop in income in households undergoing divorce, which not only affects the children being raised in the household, but also the economic productivity potential of a nation, which is a negative effect to the society. With the divorce rate being at an all-time high, the society ought to be involved in the preservation of the marriage institution. The restoration of the importance of marriage to the society should involve all parties, as well as a commitment of resources to pro-marriage programs. Among the most commonly, reported reasons for divorce, alcohol and drug abuse are prime contributors to the deteriorating state of matters between couples (Amato and Previti 614 para 3). Alcohol-induced behaviors tend to dissolve social skills by creating a hostile or disapproving attitude towards everyone. Such behaviors may lead to infidelity, p oor communication and may inflict emotional trauma to one’s partner. The alcohol-induced behaviors may lead to insensitivity towards one’s partner, which alters communication skills and illustrates hostility. Poor communication skills among couples become a significant reason to seek dissolution of marriage, in which couples grow apart and initial attraction is lost. Children whose parents are divorced elicit signs of neglect, and suffer the blunt of the separation. They frequently demonstrate a diminished

What were the critical success factors allowing the corporate venture Essay

What were the critical success factors allowing the corporate venture between SAS and IranAir to succeed - Essay Example The professional article Customer Focused Service Development in Practice – Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) by Guustafsson, Ekdahl and Edvarsson shows that Scandinavian Airlines System is currently improving its face value by implementing many dramatic changes. This changes were to keep up with the competition’s services. For, the current and prospective customers of Scandinavian Airline System had seriously impressed their demands and complaints that has forced the administration of SAS to dance to the music of the customers. Historically, many airline companies have closed their ears to the suggestions and recommendations of the flying public. Many airline companies feel that they are too engrossed in their stagnant self–centered theory that the Airline companies should build a fence to cut off the customer’s complaints and suggestions. Surprisingly, SAS had a questionnaire survey to ferret out the complaints and suggestions from current and prospecti ve customers. Based on results of their survey questions, the new company policy is to prioritize implement programs that the current and prospective clients want in order to increase airline sales.

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business law - Assignment Example Since Joe’s work includes a lot of heavy machinery and labour, one of the main regulatory and legal issues within the legal framework to be adhered to should be employee security and safety. He should also be able to provide adequate amount of medical facilities to his workers in case anything goes wrong since he is aware that he is working with heavy machinery that is likely to cause damages due to negligence. Thus, Joe should modify his business in such a manner that he does not get held or prosecuted for wrongfully being negligent about these crucial parts of his business. Since Joe’s work is mainly based on contract laborers, Joe should lay down a set of terms and conditions pertaining to the entirety of the business so that he comes off as taking at least some amount of charge for anything that happens or goes wrong. This can be done with ease since he already has a high number of clients and a building repute. (Legal Issues With Contract Labour) All these measures will not only help Joe to safeguard his employees and maintain his repute but might also help to check the reasons for the high rate of employee turnover that exists within his firm. When it comes to the choice of entity, it means what type the business will actually take place as, from a legal aspect of course. Here the main thing to be discussed is what kind of a firm Joe will form for his own. According to all the information provided, Joe already has a company because he has a number of workers working for him, however he owns it solely. If he wishes, he may convert this into a partnership form of firm because he can then have someone else sharing the profits, since the revenue turnover is extremely high, that would not really be a problem. Also, the main thing to look into is the fact that in a partnership, the liability is extended out to all the partners and

What were the critical success factors allowing the corporate venture Essay

What were the critical success factors allowing the corporate venture between SAS and IranAir to succeed - Essay Example The professional article Customer Focused Service Development in Practice – Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) by Guustafsson, Ekdahl and Edvarsson shows that Scandinavian Airlines System is currently improving its face value by implementing many dramatic changes. This changes were to keep up with the competition’s services. For, the current and prospective customers of Scandinavian Airline System had seriously impressed their demands and complaints that has forced the administration of SAS to dance to the music of the customers. Historically, many airline companies have closed their ears to the suggestions and recommendations of the flying public. Many airline companies feel that they are too engrossed in their stagnant self–centered theory that the Airline companies should build a fence to cut off the customer’s complaints and suggestions. Surprisingly, SAS had a questionnaire survey to ferret out the complaints and suggestions from current and prospecti ve customers. Based on results of their survey questions, the new company policy is to prioritize implement programs that the current and prospective clients want in order to increase airline sales.

WHAT KIND OF COMPANIES STAND TO GAIN THE MOST FROM ENTERING INTO Essay

WHAT KIND OF COMPANIES STAND TO GAIN THE MOST FROM ENTERING INTO STRATEGIC ALLIANCE WITH POTENTIAL COMPETITORS WHY - Essay Example Strategic alliance refers to the joint decision of two firms to share a part of their resources and abilities mutually among them to acquire competitive strength in the market. In the business world, strategic alliance between firms is an increasing trend. Sometimes through these strategic alliances, firms may get monopolistic competitive position, which is not beneficial for the economy. The strategic alliance option is highly adoptive in technology based industries for which there involve huge cost for research and development and high risk of failure. Thus sharing of the technological resources facilitated through strategic alliance will helps firms to share the risk also. In industries, where cost of doing business are high, also adopt strategic alliance as a tool for reducing the operating cost by economies of scale in operation. In the period of global competition, the industries realize that through sharing of valuable resources between their competitors would contribute to th eir better market performance. The successful industries use higher level strategic alliance to improve their operational efficiency. (Strategic Alliance 2009). â€Å"Strategic alliances are agreements between companies (partners) to reach objectives of a common interest. Alliances are among the various options which companies can use to achieve their goals; they are based on cooperation between companies. The description â€Å"strategic† limits the field to alliances that are important to the partners and have broad horizons.† (Pellicelli 2003). Strategic alliance provides capability to access the technologies and other facilities of competitors. It allows the business firms to progress rapidly by using the valuable resources of competitors. Through the alliance, new ideas about advanced products can be generated as it supports innovation. It helps to diminish the impact of risk of failure of the project by sharing it with

Barangay Information System Essay Example for Free

Barangay Information System Essay Significance of the Study -This study was made to find out that the use of residence information system will lessen the time for the transaction of encoding. Also in using this system it can recognize the person involve in this study. To the Barangay – It will help for them to lessen the time for the transaction of encoding. The system will be the census like having a system of the barangay for all of its constituents and new people who will live in the place. The system will be effective in maintaining, searching and storing of records of all resident in the barangay. To the Residence For they will be accommodated easily for they will have an identification that can be used to access their accounts if there are some changes to be done in their part. It will also be easy for them in requesting some information and services because the barangay had already have it. This will also assure the residents that their information is properly secured and maintain through the manipulation of the proposed system. To the Secretary of the Barangay It will help to organize the record and monitor the information of the residence. Foreign For further understanding of the study, the researchers made use of different reading materials related to the information system. These materials such as books, magazines, newspapers, thesis and other web articles are essential in broadening the knowledge of the researchers. These will also guide the researchers to achieve their target objectives by getting ideas on other related studies and make improvements as possible.   According to Jennifer Rowley (2005), information system are a tool to support information management. Information systems are increasingly being used in organizations with the object of providing competitive advantage. The information systems used by organizations can be grouped into different types such as transaction processing system, executive information system,  expert systems and office information systems. Information Technology has heralded the advent of the information society. The University of Minnesota Research and Training Center has released its annual Residential Information Systems Project report. The report provides state-by-state statistics with long-term trends on residential services, settings, populations and expenditures for people with developmental disabilities in state, nonstate, and Medicaid-funded residential programs. Characteristics of residents, movement and staffing patterns in large state residential facilities are included. The report uses 2012 data to examine trends in residential supports for people with developmental disabilities. The report found that the majority of people with IDD that do not live with a family member live in a setting with three or fewer people with IDD, with more than three-fourths sharing a home with six of fewer people. The report notes that there are significant differences in the data between states for many topic areas, including setting size, waiting lists, and average expenditures for HCBS. O’Brien, (2011) defines information system as the organized combination of people, hardware,software, communication networks and data resources, that control, transform and disseminateinformation in an organization. In partial fulfilment for the requirements in Software Project presented to the faculty of IT Department Ebora, Vanessa Grace I. Casas, Lori Anne S. Rapisora, Sheryl L. Tambongco, Steven CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction Setting of the Study The study was conducted at Barangay Katipunan-Bayani which has a approximate popul.ation of 8,000 residents. The barangay is located at Rodriguez Ave. Tanay, Rizal. Vicinity map of Barangay Katipunan-Bayani Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Statement of the Problem This discuss about the problems of existing system that will be resolve by the researcher through computerized Residence Information Sysytem 1. Open- source data 2. Back-up storage incase of loss 3. Time consuming of filing application form 4. Sharing of documents 5. File storage Objectives General The researcher aims to develop a system that will help the client to reduce the load of the barangay staffs in saving the residents files. Specific 1. Have a security to secured all the important records of the residents. 2. Have a back-up storage file in case of corrupting data. 3. Have a network-based for easy transferring of file needed. 4. Have a data base for data storage. Scope and Limitation The system is designed to have a security for the records to be secured that  only the authorized person can only handle the system. It can be saved on a folder for file back-up. It has data base for storage of saved data. It can print documents such as Barangay Clearance, Indigency etc. The system cannot produce hard copy of total records of barangay constituents. it did not contain residence number.

Is Modern Britain An Unequal Society?

Is Modern Britain An Unequal Society? Britain is often described as an unequal society however the accuracy of this statement is regularly debated because; the term inequality is very vague as individuals often have opposing views when searching for the meaning. Due to the ambiguity of the word unequal I am going to be approaching the question is contemporary Britain an unequal society from a sociological perspective in order to best describe and explain social inequalities in Britain. The term social inequality from a sociological point of view means a lack of fairness between different groups of people living in society. Through this definition we are able to identify three main categories, in which social inequalities are divided, this occurs through gender, class and race which will be highlighted throughout my essay. The main focus of my essay would be based on the Marxist and Feminist views as they set the foundations to best describe and explain social inequalities. However, there are other sociologists whom also study this topic; therefore I will be examining their views very briefly. Another form of social inequality that occurs in Britain is class inequalities; it is difficult to define this because in contemporary society class is fragmented. However, in order to fully understand class inequalities the concept must be operationalised. There are various sociologists such as Carl Marx who define class inequalities as a group of people who stand in a common relationship to the means of production. Although class is often perceived as a dynamic, fluid, always changing, in Britain there is still a clear class structure in which class is divided. This class structure is often compared to a pyramid which consists of three levels; these are the upper class, middle class and working class, this arrangement is known as social stratification, whereby each level of the formation has distinguishing features in terms of skills, status and income. The upper class consist of a small proportion of members of Britains population; these groups of people tend to have ascribed stat us such as the royal family. However members of the upper class with achieved social status are professionals with high status jobs such as property owners and employers. The middle class are employed in profession, managerial and administrative jobs for example lawyers, these groups of people are often described to have an intermediate class situation. The working class consists of the highest proportions of people in Britains population, the working class members are found at the bottom of the hierarchy, they have the low status jobs which include a complex division of labour. People from the working class groups tend to consist of unskilled workers who participate in manual labour. Although there are the three main layers in Britains class structure is divided the idea of the underclass also needed to be highlighted. This concept is developed by Charles Murray and is often used to describe a segment of the population located at the very bottom of the class structure in which they are marginalised from the rest society. Members of the underclass have very low living standard, they are thought to be relatively deprived therefore explaining why they have the highest rates of infant mortality. The majority of members in the underclass are unemployed and relay on the welfare state, as a result of this dependency the idea of the nanny state was developed. In correspondence to the idea of the nanny state these recent trends show that the top 10% earners get 27.3% of all earning whilst bottom 10% get 2.6%. This trend highlights that there is an unequal distribution of wealth as income is an important mechanism which measures a persons wealth, this therefore shows that social inequalities takes place in contemporary Britain. Marxist sociologist uses these figures to then develop their idea further. They argue that Britain is a capitalist society, whereby the bourgeoisies exploit the working class in order to benefit themselves. The process of industrialisation cause d capitalism to develop further because Britain has moved from a manual intensive form labour to a more capital intensive labour as a result of this development British is often refer to this as industrial capitalism. There is also a clear relationship between class inequalities and education. For example the educational system in Britain has been changed on several occasions in order to prevent inequalities between different social groups i.e. the increase in government expenditure in education allows people from deprived backgrounds to complete higher education for free therefore creating more employment opportunities for them. However, despite these changes class inequalities still exists in the educational system, for example the curriculum is said to have hidden engenders in which favours the ruling class. The reason for this is because the curriculum is made by the upper class therefore favouring upper class pupils for example English exams requires pupils using the elaborated code which is a form of speech which the upper class use therefore giving them a competitive advantage as the working class use the restricted code, this view is also reinforce by sociologist Bernstein. Another common feature of the working class background is material deprivation; as a result of this they are at a drawback in comparison to upper class pupils as they are unable to purchase resources such as extra text books to further increase their knowledge. There are also other areas such as housing and health that put the ruling class at an academic advantage. Another area in which social inequalities arises is through racial segregation. Race was traditionally referred to as fixed biological differences; however over the years this definition has been criticised. As a result of this contemporary sociologist defined race as a social construct based on the observed physical and cultural characteristics of an individual. Race is a term closely linked to ethnicity as ethnic groups are defined by their sense of sharing distinct culture. Ethnic minorities are also said to experiences inequalities, however due to the difficulty in separating the two terms I will be explain how racial and ethnic inequalities should be best described ant see if it still exists in contemporary Britain. There is a general idea that there is a racial division between black and white in Britain, it is argued that ethnic minorities have a minority status in society and are often perceived as second class citizens. However, in certain areas of Britain this type of socia l inequalities has been prevented because of legislations such as equal opportunities acts which protect ethnic minorities from being discriminated against giving them the same opportunities as the dominating groups. Despite the implementation of this legislation, covert racism still takes place. The concept that corresponds with this is institutional racism, where racionalised ethnic groups are systematically disadvantaged, it was recently highlighted in the media (BBC news) that institutional racism still occurs in contemporary Britain within the police workforce, the Macpherson report on the Stephan Lawrence case also show institutional racism taking place. The amount of ethnic minorities that have an established status in the political party is disproportionately imbalanced in comparison to the majority therefore suggesting that overt race/ethnic inequalities occur in British society. Although social inequalities still exist in contemporary Britain other parts of the world such as America are slowly developing, this was shown when the current president Barack Obama was elected. In Britain there is a negative racial stigma attached to African Caribbean families, one of the main reasons is because they have the highest proportion of single parent families. New right sociologist Charles Murray holds a strong view which states that single parent families are the main causes of deviant behaviour and the breakdown of society. On the other hand some sociologist argue due to the rapid technological growth in Britain the media has exaurate crimes that take place within the African- Caribbean community therefore leading to deviancy amplification as a result of this therefore policing within those area have been on the increase meaning they are more prone to getting caught for their crimes in comparison other ethnic groups. It is evidently clear that social inequality still exists in contemporary Britain; however different sociological perspectives explain social inequalities many ways and opposing views on its impact on society. For example functionalist have a positive view on social inequalities, they see it as an enviable part of society, this is because there are different social positions in society which require particular skills therefore, through theses inequalities the correct role allocation are set therefore benefiting society in the long run. Whereas, both Marxist and feminist theories have a more negative approach on social inequities and the effect it has on society. They believe that it has lead to an increase in exploitation of members in society therefore leading to social breakdowns. On the other hand post- modernist take a very different approach as they have a more contemporary view as they believe that the British society is changing as a result of this it is incorrect to say that social inequalities means one thing or social inequalities still exists because it is a complex phenomenon. Therefore in order to fully understand social inequalities we must take the three categories in which social inequalities has been divided into and identify the correlations which they have with one another because social inequalities means different to different people.

Automotive Electrical System :: automobile car vehicle electric system

The electrical system consist of the generator (alternator), the regulator, the battery, the starter, and of course all the necessary wiring. Generator (alternator)- The generator converts the mechanical energy, which it obtains from the crackshaft through a pulley and belt system, into the electrical energy needed for ignition, lights, and all other electric accessories the vehicla contains. It also recharges the battery. The generator consist of two basic parts: the Field Coils which create the magnetic field and the Armature Winding which rotates in the magnetic field producing a flow of current. It's common to have a fan attached to the generator to help cool the system. Regulator- The regulator controls the generator's output according to the needs of the electrical system. Battery- The battery stores electrical energy for starting the engine and the operating electrical units when the output produced by the generator is not sufficient. It principle is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries are built in a series of cells, each producing approximately 2 volts. A 6 volt battery will then have 3 cells and a 12 volt battery will have 6 cells. The cells are all connected in series. Starting Motor (starter)- This is a special type of an electrical motor designed to crank the engine at a speed high enough to permit it to start. It is capable of operating under heavy overload and creates great power, but only for a short time. When the starter is engaged, the driving pinion gear, which is attached to its shaft, is thrust forward to engage the teeth of the flywheel. The flywheel rotates the crankshaft to which is mounted, thus cranking the engine. As soon as the engine starts up, the driving pinion is automatically disengaged from the flywheel. The ignition system is designed to transform the low voltage from the battery or generator to the high tension voltage required to produce the sparks that ignite the compressed mixture of air and fuel in the combustion chamber. This system consist of the ignition coil, the distributor, the spark plugs, and high and low tension wires. Ignition Coil- This is a transformer designed to step up the 6 or 12 volts from the battery to approximately 20,000 volts. Distributor- The distributor which is driven by the camshaft, sends the high tension current it recieves from the ignition coil to the proper spark plug at the correct instant that the corresponding piston reaches the top of the compression stroke.

Engineering management Essay

1. Department/Program Mission The mission of the Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Department is to Equip individuals with engineering, management and systems expertise to prepare them to be leaders in the identification and solution of technical and organizational problems that are complex and evolving Conduct innovative and pioneering research that continues to expand the body of knowledge in Engineering Management and systems engineering while maintaining engineering discipline diversity. Expand the boundaries of Engineering Management and systems engineering through our service to the professional community at large and through relationships with industry. 2. Student Learning Outcomes (SLO) a. Campus-Wide Student Learning Outcomes: Programs must demonstrate that their graduates have: I. an ability to communicate effectively both orally and in writing. II. an ability to think critically and analyze effectively. III. an ability to apply disciplinary knowledge and skills in solving critical problems. IV.an ability to function in diverse learning and working environments. V. an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility. VI. an awareness of national and global contemporary issues. VII. a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in, life-long learning. b. Engineering Management Program Outcomes developed to address ABET outcomes a – k and campus wide outcomes (a) Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering in the solution of Engineering Management problems. (b) Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to design and conduct experiments related to operations, marketing, management and finance, as well as to analyze and interpret data. (c) Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to carry out the design of an operational system and its various components and processes for Engineering Management applications. (d) Engineering Management graduates will understand the importance of teams, know how to develop effective teams and have an ability to function on teams. (e) Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to identify, formulate, and solve Engineering Management problems. (f) Engineering Management graduates will have an understanding of professional ethical responsibility. (g) Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to communicate effectively individually and in teams. (h) Engineering Management graduates will have the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering and enterprise solutions in a global and societal context. (i) Engineering Management graduates will recognize the need for and have an ability to engage in life-long learning. (j) Engineering Management graduates will have knowledge of contemporary issues related to Engineering Management. (k) Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. 3. Curriculum Mapping to Campus and/or Program Outcomes Performance Criterion Evaluated in Course(s) Maps to Campus Learning Outcomes a Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering in the solution of engineering management problems. a. 1. Creates and analyzes quantitative charts and graphs and incorporates information into managerial decision-making systems. 266/299 3 a. 2 Identifies and uses appropriate modeling tools in the solution of quantitative problems. 251/253 3 a. 3 Applies quantitative models to specific problem categories and classifications. 253 3 a. 4 Uses a firm’s accounting system in making management decisions. 147 3 a. 5 Uses financial ratio analysis, financial forecasting, valuation of assets, time value of money, capital budgeting and cost of capital concepts to solve engineering management problems. 147 3 b Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to design and conduct experiments related to operations, marketing, management and finance, as well as to analyze and interpret data. b. 1 Designs an operation system and analyzes and interprets data relative to the designed system. 253 2 b. 2 Analyzes operational and financial data of organizations in case studies and organizational profiles. 251/260 2 b. 3 Conducts research related to publicly traded firms and applies financial tools to evaluate the firm as a possible investment choice. 147 2 c. Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to carry out the design of an operational system and its various components and processes for engineering management applications. c. 1 Identifies operational problem and design solutions to the problem using the appropriate quantitative and qualitative models and methods. 253/266 2 c. 2 Designs and critiques a marketing plan with typical components, while recognizing intra-firm involvements and implications. 251 2 d Engineering Management graduates will understand the importance of teams, know how to develop effective teams and have an ability to function on teams. d. 1 Functions as team player by fulfilling appropriate duties, sharing workload, communicating well and taking initiative. 251/254/260 4 d. 2 Conducts effective and efficient meetings. 254 4 e Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering management problems. e. 1 Develops model for making management decisions. 251 3 e. 2 Identifies and analyzes engineering management problems related to case studies, current events, and real-life scenarios, and recommends solutions to problems. 251/260/266. 3 f Engineering Management graduates will have an understanding of professional ethical responsibility. f. 1 Demonstrates knowledge of engineering code of ethics or other relevant code and applies code to case studies. 134 5 f. 2 Identifies an ethical dilemma and suggests a general course of action. 134/251 5 f. 3 Recognizes far-reaching implications of ethical behavior with respect to all organizational stakeholders. 299 5 g Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to communicate effectively individually and in teams. g. 1. Effectively communicates in oral presentations. 254/299 1 g. 2 Demonstrates proficiency in communication through team presentations. 254/299 1 g. 3 Demonstrates command of the written and spoken word in required technical reports and presentations. 254 1 g. 4 Understands impact of how difference in communication styles can lead to barriers in communication. 134 1 h Engineering Management graduates will have the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering and enterprise solutions in a global and societal context. h. 1. Understands concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and can give examples to illustrate concept. 134/299 6 h. 2 Effectively analyzes case and determines the impact on all stakeholders. 260 6 h. 3 Comprehends pertinent issues in global marketing and the impact of these issues on marketing decisions. 134/251 6 I Engineering Management graduates will recognize the need for and have an ability to engage in life-long learning. i. 1 Recognizes benefits of continued learning through attendance at professional presentations and through reading professional publications. 134/251 7 i. 2. Identifies, reads about, analyzes and reports on â€Å"world view† issues that are opposed to own view. 253 7 j Engineering Management graduates will have knowledge of contemporary issues related to engineering management. j. 1 Demonstrates awareness of, knowledge of, and respect for contemporary issues in engineering management, business and economics. 134/251 6 j. 2 Understands the importance of engineering to the future of society. 253 6 k Engineering Management graduates will have an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. k. 1. Utilizes electronic resources to acquire external data to solve engineering management problems. 134/251 2 k. 2 Understands and utilizes computerized accounting systems to solve engineering management problems. 147 2 k. 3 Uses Excel financial functions to solve time value of money problems. 137/147 2 k. 4 Uses Excel in the solution of operational problems. 253 2 4. Methods/Instruments and Administration Data assessment methods vary by instructor and course. However methods employed include the following: -Student response to exam questions -Student response to specific homework assignment. -Student team evaluations related to case studies and capstone senior design -Instructor assessment of case study assignments -Instructor assessment of assigned student paper -Instructor assessment of capstone senior design projects Data collection occurs during the spring (January – May) semester and last occurred during the Spring 2010 semester. If all outcomes pass according to the department agreed upon metric, no collection will occur during the fall semester. 5. Results and Changes Implemented or Planned a. All outcomes passed during the Spring 2010 assessment cycle. According to our department assessment plan as detailed during the last ABET accreditation cycle; the next assessment cycle will occur during the Spring 2011 semester. No data was collected for the Fall 2010 semester. b. Use of results No specific curriculum changes have been made due to quantified assessment results. However, curriculum change will be forthcoming as we have observed the performance of capstone senior design student members and project results. It should be noted that a more traditional capstone senior design course was added as a core/required course in the department. The department has â€Å"partnered† with several different companies in the development of problems/projects that sufficiently meet the culminating experience as required by ABET. c. Results Brought by the Changes Due to observations and overall performance of senior design capstone projects, a new course will be added to the current 26 hour core set of courses. The undergraduate curriculum committee, which is the committee that evaluates outcome and assessment data, has approved adding a course which will focus on generalized problem solving and critical thinking. We are currently evaluating potential course resources for this class. We anticipate gaining campus wide approval for the course effective for the Fall 2011 semester. It should also be noted that our Academy of Engineering Management has been very supportive of our efforts and has contributed constituent input in this process. One final note to be made to this report is that even though we will perform a full outcome evaluation during the Spring 2011 semester, concurrently we will be re-evaluating our outcomes/ performance criteria, and assessment methods.

Concrete

The crack widths predicted by the different codes have been calculated for a range of varying parameters: Varying tension reinforcement stress (Figure 9) Varying cover (Figure 10) Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and stress. (Figure 1 1) Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and maximum stress to AS 3600. Figure 12) BBS 5400 results have been plotted using a Ms / MGM ratio of 0. 1 and 1. All results have used long term values where available. Larger versions of these graphs may be found on the Powering presentation associated with this paper. The following observations can be made from the graph results: The BBS 5400 results using the two different load ratios gave substantially different results, with the higher ratio giving increased crack widths. The BBS 8110 results were either approximately centrally placed between the two BBS 5400 results, or close to the lower values.The Recoded 2 results were usually reasonably close to the mean of the other results. The CUBE-Flip-1990 results were consistently the lowest for high steel stresses and high concrete cover values. Results with varying spacing were close to Recoded 2 results. The IAC 318 results were consistently the highest, being close to and slightly higher than the upper bound BBS 5400 values. All crack widths increased approximately linearly with increasing steel stress Crack widths increased with increasing cover, with Recoded 2 reaching a constant value at 70 mm cover, and the CUBE-PIP code at 35 mm cover.The other codes continued to increase more than linearly up to 100 mm cover. All codes predicted increasing crack width with increasing bar spacing and constant reinforcement area steel stress. Figure 9: Varying tension reinforcement stress Figure 10: Varying cover Figure 11: Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and stress Figure 12: Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and maximum stress to AS 3600.When the steel stress was adjusted to the maximum allowable under AS 3600 (I. E. Reduced for increasing bar spacing and increasing bar diameter) the predicted crack widths were reasonably uniform in the spacing range 50 to 200 mm, then tended to reduce with greater spacing. DEFLECTION The main differences in approach to the calculation of deflections are summarized low: Australian and American codes are based on the Brannon equation, using a uniform average effective stiffness value.Australian codes allow for loss of tension stiffening through a reduction of the cracking moment related to the free concrete shrinkage. Allowance for shrinkage curvature in the Australian codes is simplified and will underestimate curvature in symmetrically reinforced sections. British codes allow only a low tension value for cracked sections, which is further reduced for long term deflections European codes adopt an intermediate approach for cracked sections, tit an allowance for loss of tension stiffening.British and European code prov isions for shrinkage curvature are essentially the same Effective stiffness, calculated according to AS 3600, Recoded 2, BBS 5400, and BBS 8110, and with no tension stiffening, is plotted against bending moment for the same concrete section used in the crack width analysis. Figure 13 shows results with no shrinkage, and Figure 14 with a shrinkage of 300 Microscopic. RESEARCH ABOUT THE METHODS USED IN DIFFERENCE CONCRETE STANDARDS AS 3600 limits the maximum reinforcement stress under serviceability loads to a axiom value dependent on either the bar diameter or the bar spacing, whichever gives the greater stress.AS 5100 has the same limits, with an additional requirement to check for lower limits under permanent loads for elements in exposure classifications 82, C or U. Recoded 2 limits stresses in essentially the same way, except that the limits are presented as maximum bar spacing or diameter for a specified stress, rather than vice versa. The Recoded 2 limits are related to 3 diffe rent values of nominal crack width, 0. 2 mm, 0. 3 mm or 0. 4 mm, under pseudo-static loading. The applicable crack Edith depends on the exposure classification and type of member.Code Provisions for Crack Width Limits As well as stress limits, Recoded 2 has detailed provisions for the calculation of design crack widths, which are summarized below: The basic formula for crack width: crack spacing x (mean steel strain – mean concrete strain) makes no allowance for variation in crack width between the level of the reinforcement and the surface of the concrete, however the crack spacing is mainly related to the cover depth, and the crack width is directly proportional to crack spacing, so the depth of cover has a significant effect on crack widths.The expression for Seems – ECMA limits the effect of tension stiffening to 40% of the steel strain. For long term effects the tension stiffening coefficient is reduced by 1/3, from 0. 6 to 0. 4. The British concrete design codes specify a design crack width at the surface of the concrete as follows: The basic approach is similar to Recoded 2, except that the crack width is projected from the reinforcement level to the concrete surface. The main differences between BBS 5400 and BBS 8110 are: BBS 5400 includes a factor to reduce the effect of tension stiffening, depending on the ratio of live load moment to dead load moment (Ms / MGM).The effect of this is to reduce tension stiffening effects to zero for a load ratio of 1 or greater. The tension stiffening coefficients are differently formulated. The IAC requirements are based on stress limits derived from the Surgery-Lutz equation: The IAC 318 equation makes no allowance for tension stiffening, and predicts crack width at the upper bound of those studied in this paper. Results are usually similar to those from the BBS 5400 equation using a Ms / MGM ratio of 1 .AS 3600, AS 5100, and IAC 318 AS 3600 and AS 5100 provisions for â€Å"simplified† calculati on of deflections are identical other than a typographical error in AS 5100), and are both based on the â€Å"Brannon† equation, which is also used in IAC 318. The equation in IAC 318 is differently formulated, but will give identical results for the same cracking moment and section stiffness values. The AS 3600 version of the equation is shown below: left is calculated for the maximum moment section, and applied along the full length of the member being analyses.The calculation of the cracking moment in the Australian codes (but not IAC 318) includes an allowance for the shrinkage induced tensile stress in the unchecked section, which contributes to loss of tension stiffening: AS 3600 and AS 5100 provide a factor KC , applied to the calculated deflection, to account for the additional deflection due creep and shrinkage: KC = [2- 1. 2(ASS / East)] Note that for a symmetrically reinforced section KC reduces to the minimum value of 0. , being the effect of creep deflection alon e. 6. 4. 2 OBSESS,BBS 8110 Deflections in BBS 5400 and BBS 8110 are calculated from integration of section curvatures. The cracking moment and curvature of cracked sections allows for a short term concrete tensile stress of 1 Amp, reducing to 0. 5 Amp in the long term. Shrinkage curvatures in BBS 8110 are determined from the free shrinkage strain, and the first moment of area of the reinforcement about the cracked or unchecked section, as appropriate.BBS 5400 uses a similar approach, but tabulates factors based on the compression and tension reinforcement ratios. 6. 4. 3 Recoded 2 and CUBE-PIP 1990 (MAC 90) The European codes also provide for calculation of deflections by integration of section curvatures, but provide a different expression for the stiffness of cracked sections: Shrinkage curvatures are assessed using a similar method to that given in BBS 8110:

Indian Wedding Clothes Essay

In India, the wedding rituals and clothes make the wedding as much as that of the bride and her groom. Both look their splendid best in gorgeous clothes. Not just the couple, but the guests attending the family and the relatives are often seen dressed up to the teeth. The bride is dressed up in auspicious colors, whereas the bridegroom is dressed to exude a regale aura. The bridesmaids and best men are often dressed in par with the bride and the groom. But they are toned down a bit because the day belongs to the couple. All the folks attending the marriage are decked up with gold jewelry including the bride and sometimes the groom. The ladies are additionally adorned with henna patterns all over their palms, hands, forearms, legs and feet. Sometimes henna patterns are replaced with alta designs which are short lived and easily removable. Indian wedding generally tend to continue for several days and new attire is worn each day. All these dresses and the color symbolize the meaning of marriage and the period that follows it. Indian wedding is one that gives more importance to details like different rituals and the various attires one wears to attend them. Hindu wedding Indian Hindu weddings continue for several days. India is a country that defines diversity and this is visible even in the wedding and its different styles. The ceremonies, the rituals, the formalities are all different between each region and culture. Unlike the Christians, Hindus wedding ceremony does not resemble the western marriages and are quite elaborate. In the North,Starting from the Tilak ceremony, each function has significance in the marriage. Tilak, Sangeet, Haldi, Baraat and the Shaadi, all necessitate the Bride and the bridegroom to wear new attire at each occasion.All these above ceremonies are known by different names in the other parts,e.g.:Simant puja in the west,or Mangalasnanam in the south and so on.But have got   he same significance all over. Bridegroom’s clothes Many communities of South,West and Eastern India still adhere to the traditional costumes,i.e. Dhoti,or sometimes Lungi,and Mundu by some communities of the South.Kurta or a shirt may be worn or sometimes just a Angavastram may be used to cover the chest. On the other hand in the Northern parts, bridegroom usually wears a Sherwani, Jodhpuri suit or a western suit. The groom’s face is covered with a veiled with a curtain of flowers which is called Sehra in the North,which is not the custom elsewhere. It is also customary to wear a Taqiyah all through the ceremony in Muslim marriages. Many prefer to wear a Kurta.Kurta can be worn with Salwar,or Dhoti. A dazzling series of ensemble for bridegrooms include majestic sherwani, blended Indo-western suit and ethnic Jodhpuri suit. The exquisite shirts, coats and jackets are designed with extra care and touch to bring out the magnanimity out of the bridegroom on the marriage day. Precious embellishments are studded into the collars and the cuffs of the bridegroom’s dress. Available both in simple cottons and splendid, royal raw silk, these Kurta Pyjamas are a preferred mostly by the bridegrooms. Bride’s clothes Christian Bride in wedding sari The bride wears a saree or a lehenga according to the region. Red is considered to be the most auspicious color in among Hindus. While the saree is preferred as the bridal dress in South India, West, East India, most brides of other parts of India prefer Lehenga, Gagra Choli and Odni as bridal dress. Christian wedding Christian marriage in India is mostly an adaption of western wedding ceremonies. Here the bridegroom wears a western suit or tuxedo. The Bride usually opts for a silk saree or a western gown. Bridesmaid and family While during a marriage function, the bride and the bridegroom take the centre stage, the bridesmaid takes over everyone off-stage. Dainty Lehenga Cholis in bright colors, long cholis for the conservative, authentic designer lehengas and readymade lehenga cholis are usually selected by the bridesmaid as wedding ensemble. Sometimes the bridesmaids wear sari rich in silk and embroidery. Delicately put together with alluring fabrics of bright and cheery colours, these Lehengas bring out the playful nature of the bridesmaid.

Entrepreneur interview & Personal Analysis Essay

Entrepreneur interview & Personal Analysis - Essay Example A decision maker, leader, communicator and a good team player is what an entrepreneur is. This paper provides an analysis of the personality of a small business entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial Interview This paper deals with analyzing and conducting the reflective study of the small business entrepreneurs. The interview conducted here reflects upon the background, motivating factors and personalities of the businessmen. The survey questionnaire contains 15 questions which are aimed upon discovering the personality traits and capacities. The survey has been conducted with the owner of fashion boutique, Ellen Sandry. Ellen has been a successful entrepreneur for a few months and has been really successful in quite a short time. Fashion industry has motivated him a lot and considering the interests, the interview responses have been analyzed below: What is you educational background? Ellen has studied fashion designing at a reputable institute and this education aroused interest in pursuin g the field of fashion as his personal career. Besides interest, Ellen feels that the scope of fashion industry has gained great heights in the present era and thus, it would be a good initiative to take up. What have your previous experiences been? The entrepreneur’s response to this question was amazing as he mentioned many experiences that he has been through recently. He has taught, worked as a steward at a hotel and interned at a local bank for a while. Later on, his professional enthusiasm compelled him to start his own business. How did you get into this business? In reply, Ellen mentioned that his interest brought him into this business. He had a passion for colors, beauty and money. Thus, this capacity seemed to be suitable. How many employees do you have? Ellen has only two people who look into his business. He calls them his helpers and pays them a good salary at the end of every month. They manage his boutique on a daily basis and even stay overtime and help Ellen wind up the necessary tasks. How do you finance your business? Ellen mentioned that he already had enough capital at the time of initiation of his business. Besides this, he takes small loans from the financial institutions and invests them into business. What have been the major challenges that you have countered while initiating and managing the business? Ellen Sandry has been a successful owner of a small boutique and earns good profits every month. According to him, it is necessary to take risks and accept challenges with good entrepreneurial skills. During the starting up of his fashion boutique, he had to counter the shortages of finance, skilled labor, and inventory. Moreover, decision-making was an area where he was not much confident. Besides this, arranging for a considerably sophisticated infrastructure also became a problem which he quickly managed with the help of his own skills. Do you take social and environmental factors into consideration? To this Ellen replied tha t while starting up his boutique, he assured that it will not create any negative externalities for the society. He took care of all the security standards, societal costs, and made sure that the environment is not affected from the existence of his business in any way. How does the economic environment impact your business? The economic booms and depressions impact all the businesses and similarly,

Still-Life Photography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Still-Life Photography - Assignment Example rounds such as a simple painted wall or a huge sheet of colored or white paper depicting two wedding rings is a perfect example of a shot that highlights subtle ways to enhance the grandeur of keeping things simple. Sometimes contrasting backgrounds with mild tones also influence shades for a lasting output. Tiny objects don’t require a backdrop as much as they need a surface for placing the items for creating an ideal look. In most cases, black velvet is mostly preferred as it is well known to absorb enormous light and turns the surface into a solid black. When it boils down to lighting, not many of us can look at having studio lights for creating that effect which is highly expensive. It is possible to choose lighting within budget and utilize it to the maximum effect to create a perfect impression. I have also sensed that by blocking out the natural light from my room using curtains has enabled in gaining absolute control over my subject. Dim or bright lamps can work wonders for creating a standard and effective output. Back lighting creates an enormous depth to the shot and adds substantial interest to the subject much more than front or side lighting. A combination of rays from natural light and that of the lamp draws a visual appeal with far-reaching and astonishingly positive

Organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organization - Research Paper Example The companies selected for analysis are IBM (manufacturing company. Following Reed (2001): â€Å"Motivation must be understood not as a series of separate "needs" but as the dynamic aspect of the very functioning of a living organism. In other words, any living organism is, in effect, a pattern of intrinsically active and directed relational functioning† (p. 60). These meanings may be expressed in organization writings, thought, or language management, and social context, an organization sustains its own cultural system of symbols and meanings that can be widely shared by organizational members. the main difference between content’ and ‘process’ theories of motivation. is that the latter determines motivation as a cognitive rational process while the former sees motivation as needs satisfaction process. Motivation is the main factors which helps companies to attract and retain top talents. The task of the HR manager is to envision these threats in advance, so he will be able to avoid them, or at least minimize their negati ve impact upon well-being. Although managers do not find it a comfortable activity to dwell on unpleasant events, the future survival of organizations and society, itself, mandates that we try to anticipate worst-case scenarios and develop creative methods to manage them. Motivation programs should be effective and management policies should ensure success and positive outcomes. The main methods used by managers will be goal setting method and the leadership. If too much stress is placed on getting the work done, human motivation will suffer. The main strategies applied to the program will be motivation and inspiring employees, cooperation and support initiatives. If all of the emphasis is placed on workers satisfaction, then productivity will suffer. Further, a HR manager can share this expertise with other managers and employees, so that the total organization expands

No Topic Necessary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No Topic Necessary - Essay Example Apparently, the story of Buddha in the myth is intertwined with other deities, especially Christianity (Campbell, 30). These other deities are seen as being weak and temporary as opposed to Buddhism which remains immovable even in the future. Actually, the writer emphasizes the superiority of Buddhism in Oriental antiquity as compared to other deities. In today’s society, comparisons between religious deities and implications of ancient spiritual narratives remain influential. More often, these comparisons are divisive in nature. In the Hero’s story, the hero asserts that Buddha is immovable and superior in the presence of other deities (Campbell, 35). In today’s society, the spiritual heroism of Moses in the Old Testament remains the central narrative in the Jewish religion. Personally, I agree that Moses transformed into a heavenly level when he encountered God around the burning bush at Mont Sinai. Prescription of the Ten Commandments sealed God’s covenant with the Israelites in a similar manner that Gautama linked Buddhists with Buddha. In this context, the spiritual experience of Moses in the Old Testament, which is influential in today’s Jewish and Christian religions, is synonymous to the spiritual adventure of Gautama Sakyamuni in the

Things Fall Apart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Things Fall Apart - Essay Example The protagonist of the novel, Things Fall Apart, is Okonkwo who is also considered symbolic of the village, Umuofia. Okonkwo has his own identity and dignity as a reputable member of the village, Umuofia but he is shown as a willful and lose-tempered person. He loses his temper due to which, he tries to kill his second wife. Okonkwo has to suffer exile on the basis of his killing a boy for seven years. Okonkwo has ambitions to become the leader of his tribe. When he is exiled from his village, he leaves to his mother’s village, Mbanta. He waits anxiously for his return to his own village for seven years. In the meantime, Europeans enter Africa and subjugate people. Europeans try to steal away the identity of Africans by means of their missionary preaching of Christian religion. The native populations of Umoufia, Mbanta and other African villages and lands have their own traditions, laws, customs and ideology to pass their lives. However, Europeans enter Africa and try to subjugate the people of Africa by means of their religion. When Okonkwo reaches back to their village after seven years, he gets surprised by seeing the condition of his village. Along with many other villagers, his own son, Nwoye, has changed his native religion and converted to Christianity. Although, it is true that his village has economic prosperity and development but that is given to them on the basis of their giving up their identity. Through colonialism, the Europeans attacked on the native culture, customs and laws of African people. When the missionaries tried to convert people from their native religions to Christianity, they took away the identity of Africans. Okonkwo tries to maintain his identity and adheres to his traditions and recognition. He does not convert into a Christian. He also tries to help out the other members of his village. Okonkwo is also one of the egwugwu, which are masked spirits of the ancestors. On one occasion, when the tribe is busy in its

Education for All Essay Example for Free

Education for All Essay Education is the topmost priority of the government of Pakistan Awami Tehreek. The literacy rate will be raised through adult education movement and by imparting formal and informal education within a period of 10 years through a great educational revolution. The first priority of the manifesto of Pakistan Awami Tehreek is education for all (EFA). The literacy rate will be raised up to 90% in the next 10 years. The educational system from the initial stage to the level of university will be changed in the next 10 years by enforcing the modern and developed educational system. In keeping with the new educational policy the teachers will be trained in order to enhance their competence to meet the demands of new trends in education. The educational activities based upon thinking and understanding will be started systematically from early education and primary level. The basic knowledge of ideology of Pakistan and Islamic studies will be incorporated in the curriculum at every level. The educational institutions and curriculum will be purged of every kind of sectarian, regional, linguistic and sectional biases and hatred. For the effective implementation of educational reforms educational devolution scheme will be enforced in the department of education. Efforts made for the spread of education in the private sector will be encouraged at every level. Information technology will be promoted at economic, educational and industrial levels. The proposed reforms will also be implemented in the seminaries to integrate them in the national mainstream. Respect for human rights, rule of law and philanthropist behaviour will be made part of the curriculum of every level. Primary education confirmation card (PECC) for children will be issued throughout the country. The number of the students will not be allowed to exceed by 30. For this purpose the double shift system will be started in the schools so that the students are able to get maximum individual attention of the teachers. A special educational fund will be set up for the higher education of the helpless and needy students. Traders, industrialists, rich citizens and people with good economic standing will contribute to this fund on the basis of proportion of their income. Our government will impose educational emergency throughout country to achieve 90% literacy rate under 10-year educational plan. According to this plan, new educational institutions of every level will come into being and double shift system will be introduced in the existing schools. Thus the number of educational institutions will double through the introduction of this system. A ‘National Education Force’ comprising of the jobless educated youth will be established for the availability of educational staff, which will organize efforts for the achievement of 90% literacy rate. All Pakistani schools, colleges, universities and research centers will be linked to the national industrial enterprises so that the theoretical and practical knowledge is harmonized. Volunteer scholarship schemes would be launched at national level for the education of the c PAT on FB Education is the topmost priority of the government of Pakistan Awami Tehreek. The literacy rate will be raised through adult education movement and by imparting formal and informal education within a period of 10 years through a great educational revolution. The first priority of the manifesto of Pakistan Awami Tehreek is education for all (EFA). The literacy rate will be raised up to 90% in the next 10 years. The educational system from the initial stage to the level of university will be changed in the next 10 years by enforcing the modern and developed educational system. In keeping with the new educational policy the teachers will be trained in order to enhance their competence to meet the demands of new trends in education. The educational activities based upon thinking and understanding will be started systematically from early education and primary level. The basic knowledge of ideology of Pakistan and Islamic studies will be incorporated in the curriculum at every level. The educational institutions and curriculum will be purged of every kind of sectarian, regional, linguistic and sectional biases and hatred. For the effective implementation of educational reforms educational devolution scheme will be enforced in the department of education. Efforts made for the spread of education in the private sector will be encouraged at every level. Information technology will be promoted at economic, educational and industrial levels. The proposed reforms will also be implemented in the seminaries to integrate them in the national mainstream. Respect for human rights, rule of law and philanthropist behaviour will be made part of the curriculum of every level. Primary education confirmation card (PECC) for children will be issued throughout the country. The number of the students will not be allowed to exceed by 30. For this purpose the double shift system will be started in the schools so that the students are able to get maximum individual attention of the teachers. A special educational fund will be set up for the higher education of the helpless and needy students. Traders, industrialists, rich citizens and people with good economic standing will contribute to this fund on the basis of proportion of their income. Our government will impose educational emergency throughout country to achieve 90% literacy rate under 10-year educational plan. According to this plan, new educational institutions of every level will come into being and double shift system will be introduced in the existing schools. Thus the number of educational institutions will double through the introduction of this system. A ‘National Education Force’ comprising of the jobless educated youth will be established for the availability of educational staff, which will organize efforts for the achievement of 90% literacy rate. All Pakistani schools, colleges, universities and research centers will be linked to the national industrial enterprises so that the theoretical and practical knowledge is harmonized. Volunteer scholarship schemes would be launched at national level for the education.

Child Observation Reflection

Child Observation Reflection Brief notes on the venue/situation and age and gender of the child being observed (dont give names use initials or made up names for any individuals if necessary): What I observed: How I felt: Thoughts, reflections : The child was going homework related to concepts of math Felt good and I was happy that she was responsible enough to do her work Responsibility showed and she was able to handle the concepts well. I was happy to see this that she can grasp knowledge so well. She was able to pick up objects like pen I felt that her gross motor skills had come into being as she was able to pick up items This made me feel that she was able to do things independently without any help. Playing with shapes She was able to identify most of the shapes which was good and showed her skills This made me feel that she was able to do things independently without any help. Playing The Piano She was able to play the piano without the help of the babysitter This had shown how independent she is and how in rhythm she could play the piano Child observation This essay will critically examine the role of a social worker to observe a child. This essay will also talk about the ethics and the anti-oppressive practices in relation to care of children. The child I observed was named S who was three and half years old from an Indian Family. She could only talk in English and her national language as those are the languages which were taught to her. This observation took place in one day where I was told to meet her at a friends place. I was a bit curious and yet excited as this was my first time where I had to observe a child. She did not even greet me as she was a very shy girl also she was in the middle of her school homework. She felt very intimidated and scared to say any word. The only thing that was concerning was that S was not aware that I was coming to observe her. Thus here, one of the elements of anti-oppressive practice is to make sure that peoples rights are not violated. All social workers need to put the childs needs first and how to respect their human rights, which is right to liberty and privacy of a family life (Dalrymple and Burke, 1995: 57). I was bit unsure where to start and how I should make it less awkward for her and me. I was anxious to know what S might be feeling inside as a stranger had come in the house. It was good know that her gross motor skills and fine motors skills were in place. She was able to pick a pencil and could write as well. She was able to understand the different key concepts in mathematics (additions and subtractions) as her mother was trying to explain to her using soft toys to demonstrate the concepts, which showed that her cognitive development was probably quite advanced for her age. To understand addition and subtraction the child must already have been able to count and understand the significance of number values. While this was happening, I was looking at her and somehow or the other she got distracted and a bit scared because she was thinking what will I do or what will I say to her. As soon as her mother told her that I was a friend of hers the child had a smile on her face. She was happy, jumping for joy and even understanding why I had come here. She was excited to see me. There was some support given to S by her mother that made me feel comfortable, however I was thinking if I had observed some kind of anti-discriminatory practice where the childs feelings had not been considered. Later during the day, S had said a word to her mum saying what is your friends name?. This suggests that she was curious about who I was and why I was there. The mother sweetly with a smile replied that his name is Mahir and he is a family friend of mine. She smiled and danced. She was so happy and the grin on her face made me smile as well. Crystal (2010) believes that there are five stages of childrens language acquisition and that questioning begins in stage two even though their vocabulary is still small. Chouinard (2007) considers that childrens questions are an important part of their cognitive development and indicated five important points: that their questions must aim at gaining information; that they must receive answers that aid their cognitive development; they must be motivated to ask questions to gain information; the questions must be relevant at that moment; responses must aid their understanding and add to their knowledge. Chouinard (2007) adds that if children rece ive an unsatisfactory answer, they will keep asking. After a small chat took place she had a pacifier in a mouth. She was hungry as well. Sigmund Freuds psychological theory states that children do go through five stages called: oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital stages. When she had her pacifier, she was going through her oral stage; also in addition to that this is a stage where the focus is more on the gratification of the mouth. It is also where the phallic stage takes place where there is a formation of superego and genitalia taking place in the child. Freud believed that a child could become fixated if any of these stages were not met (Parrish, 2010:59-62). He also said that a child could have three types of personality that could be ID, EGO and SUPEREGO which could become integrated during the stages (Berk, 2006). This helps to define the basic behaviour formation of an individual. Erik Eriksons theory is actually a step up from Freuds theory, but Erikson actually placed more importance on the psychosocial belief like a parent and siblings or even different cultural backgrounds than Freud did and less importance on the sexual urges to try to explain the childs performance. Eriksons emphasis on the ego adaptive of power was greater than the attention of ID (Parrish, 2010: 62-64). Also at this stage initiative vs. guilt occurs, which is stated by Erikson as being where the children assert themselves more frequently. They begin to plan activities, make games and initiate activities with other people. They can somewhat make decisions. If they receive any criticism or over- control by elders they do feel guilt and they do develop self-initiative as it is lacking in them (Walker and Karin Crawford 2014:31). A few minutes later, she was playing with shapes and she was able to define and tell which shapes they were. Yet, she had confusion between the shape of an oval and circle. She could not define between them and thus she was calling an oval a circle. Then her mother told her the correct thing by giving an example that a bangle is a circle in shape and a pear soap an oval. She then understood the difference between them. Then her mother told her to count the corners of a square and rectangle and she was exact with her answer. The doorbell rang and she had a babysitter who had come to teach her music and play games with her. She tried to call the babysitter by her name but she was unable to recall her name. As her babysitter was trying to give her hints she still was not able to guess her name. This went on for two to three minutes. She then said can I play the piano? The babysitter took the piano from the play room that she had. She was jumping with joy and said can I play Do Re Me?. Her babysitter was so impressed when she started playing the piano and she did so well by playing Do Re Me. She knew the exact tune and notes. This does show the different skills of the child and even how gross motor skills develop in them. Then the babysitter was playing and she was dancing away in one position as she was enjoying the beat of the piano. The babysitter told her to try and close the buttons of a shirt but she was not able to do so as she was not able to match the button with the correct hoop. It did give her a problem as she was not able to follow the instruction, which was simply that the baby sitter demonstrated for her how to close the buttons of the shirt. When she tried to do it again she did manage it finally. The mother and the baby sister clapped and cheered for her which led to a smile on her face. Then the mother gave S some food to eat. She was slightly able to pick up fruits and was able to eat them. As soon as the babysitter left she started to cry and I knew the attachment towards the babysitter was emotional but special so then she stayed for ten or fifteen minutes more, when she heard it she was happy. She does have the emotional touch towards the babysitter so then her mother said that she will be back tomorrow to come and see you again but she said no; she needs to stay. The attachment was strong and unbreakable. She heard a sound of a dog so we took her outside and she said the word dog. In reference to what Piaget said: For this child it was a pre-existing scheme as the child could assimilate the dog being a Labrador by seeing the breed of the dog. She was cheerful and kept pointing at the dog which gave me a smile on my face. The pre-operational stage takes place in the child which happens at Ss present age. This is the cognitive development that takes place in the child. It is the 2nd stage of Piagets theory of cognitive development. There is a phase where the child is ego centric which did show in Ss behaviour. She was decentring where she could not understand the meaning of why the world is a centre and they want to grab attention. They have all kinds of imagination which we cannot know. So the child did have such a kind of imagination which her mother and I were confused about because we could not understand what she was trying to say. Also she did look at the world from her own point of view which is called egocentrism (Parrish, 2010: 118). There is a good knowledge of knowing language that can help the social worker to know and help the child while they are talking. Ss language skills were good and she was able to say words like Mama or Papa. This shows how confident the child is. She was also able to depict and understand the difference when it came to colours, differentiating between black and grey or red and orange. In conclusion to my essay, I can say that this observation was fun and exciting. She was happy to see me after ages and she made me feel so comfortable that I was happy to see her. At the end of the session she had a smile on her face that made me also smile and I really enjoyed observing her. Knowing the different stages and applying the theory was really difficult but interesting to know. This really boosted my knowledge and confidence up. Thus in my essay I have said that anti oppressive practice is a important role for any social worker as to keep in mind that those who work with children need to keep the legislation of the child protection act and human rights in mind as they cannot be violated nor they can be effected in anyones life in any circumstance it is in. References Crystal. D., (2010) The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Language Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Chouinard, M., (2007) Childrens questions: a mechanism for cognitive developmentMonographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 2007;72(1) 113-26 Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394580 Accessed: 26/02/2017