Social Work for Gay free essay sample

This paper explores social work with the population of people in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or questioning community, or LGBT community for short. This paper discusses the population of interests, which includes the history of social work in this field, reasons for serving this population, the role of the social worker, the types of advocacy, and characteristics of agencies that serve this population. Also, an interview done by Lise Schiffer, LCSW is mentioned. She discusses her experience as a social worker and her experience with the LGBT community. LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK Social work for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, or Transgendered Persons of Youth Population of Interest Section Imagine feeling helpless, alone, and discriminated against because of your sexual orientation. According to a national survey done in 2009 by the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network, or GLSEN, 61. 1% of the LGBTQ youth feel unsafe in school because of their sexual orientation. Social work with the LGBTQ community has been around for many years. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work for Gay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Social movements in the United states began around the 1950s and 60s according to Dr. Bonnie J. Morris of the American Psychological Association (2012). The first major movement occurred in 1965, Dr. Frank Kameny, a well known figure in the gay rights movement, held the first public protest by the LGBTQ community in front of the White House. A year later, the first known gay student organization was founded in New York City at Columbia University (TIME 2012). Issues of risk for the LGBT community can be many things. Most issues that people of the LGBT community face comes from being abused or bullied for their sexual orientation. Many LGBT youth face mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and suffer suicidal thoughts. When it comes to the issue of suicide, 36. 5% of the LGBTQ youth has attempted suicide and of that, 20. 5% of those attempts result in medical care (Berner, Donahue, Hack, Hale, Goodenow, 2002). According to Dr. Harold Koplewicz, child and adolescent psychiatrist, â€Å"Gay teens are four times more likely than straight teens to attempt suicide† (2010). An example of a gay teenager committing suicide is Tyler Clementi. Tyler LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK was a college student at Rutgers University in Washington who committed suicide after learning his roommate used a webcam to record Tyler having relations with another man. The reason for recording the affair was to exploit and intimidate Clementi for being gay. When discussing issues of the LGBTQ community, abuse is the greatest issue of all. According to the 2009 National survey done by GLSEN, â€Å"84. 6% of LGBTQ students reported being verbally harassed, 40. % reported being physically harassed and 18. 8% reported being physically assaulted at school in the past year because of their sexual orientation. † When coming out to peers or even family about being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered, most of the LGBT youth are concerned with how they will react. â€Å"50% of gay teens experience a negative reaction from their parents and 26% of LGBT youth who come out to their parents are told to leave home† (Ray 2006). Another issue of the LGBTQ community is dealing with mental health issues. According to Challenges Faced by Homeless Sexual minorities: Comparison of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Homeless Adolescents With Their Heterosexual Counterparts, LGBT youths reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than did heterosexual youths ( Cauce, Cochran, Ginzler, Stewart, 2002). There are many reasons as to why social workers serve the LGBT community. Many of them do not have any resources such as a home, or proper health care. According to an article titled, Family Acceptance Project- Helping LGBT Youths, in Social Work Today, one the roles of a social worker is to ensure that the LGBTQ youth is able to maintain a healthy relationship with their family after coming out to family. According to Christina Reardon, the LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK author of the article, â€Å" [Studies] show that that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths whose families reject their sexual orientation and gender expression were at higher risk for several health problems as adults† (2009). Another role is to inform the families on how to support the LGBT youth in their time of need. Social workers work anywhere from a micro level with an individual and/or their families, or at a mezzo level when working with groups such as HIV positive or depressed members of the LGBTQ community. There are many prevention strategies social workers use for the LGBTQ community. There are support groups for those who are discriminated against,, who feel lonely and isolated due to not coming out yet to peers and family, and even those who are HIV positive or have other mental health issues. There are also seminars on how to protect oneself against getting STDs and HIV/AIDS and on what to do in the case of being abused or discriminated against for being gay or lesbian. There are many advocacy groups in the LGBTQ community. There are advocacy groups for gay rights, marriage, adoption, discrimination, healthcare, and other issues. A popular advocacy organization in the LGBTQ community is GLSEN, or the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network. Founded 20 years ago, GLSEN’s mission is to â€Å"assure that each member of every school community is valued and respected regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity/expression† (2012). They have events such as the day of silence. The day of silence takes place every year on April 20 when students do not speak for an entire day to bring awareness to the harassment and discrimination faced by youths of the LGBTQ LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK community. When it comes to civil rights for the LGBTQ community, the Human Rights Campaign is well known. Founded in 1980 by advocates on behalf on the LGBTQ community, the mission of the Human Rights Campaign is to â€Å" achieve equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Americans† (2011). A popular organization for LGBT adoption is the Family Equality Council. Founded on 1979, the Family Equality Council â€Å"connects, supports, and represents the one million lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender parents in this country and the two million children they are raising† (2012). Characteristics of the agencies that serve the LGBTQ community include many things. For example, the Howard Brown Health Center in Chicago offers many things to the LGBTQ community such as counseling, case management, and HIV/AIDS services. They also provide support for those victim of domestic abuse and those how are HIV positive. For younger patients, they have a youth center to help those who are homeless or feel unsafe. Another agency is the Center on Halsted in Chicago. Like Howard Brown they also offer HIV testing and support for those who tested positive. Programs offered for the youth includes after school programming and counseling (2012). Agency visit/social work interview section For this project, I interview a woman named Lise Schiffer, LCSW. I was not able to visit her due to her location however, I was able to email her questions about her profession and her private practice. Lise Schiffer graduated from Sarah Lawrence College and then went LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK to Columbia University School of Social Work in New York City. She has an MSSW in clinical social work. She has been exclusively in private practice for 16 years. Prior to that, She was the Director of Substance Abuse Services at Counseling Center of Lakeview and then Associate Director of Sarahs Inn, an Oak Park based domestic violence agency. When asked about her typical work day she stated, â€Å" My typical day is not typical for most social workers. I have a home office, so I dont have to commute nor deal with the weather. I am self-employed so I dont have a boss. I have an average of 20 appointments a week doing therapy with individuals and couples, both gay and straight. I spend a fair amount of time dealing with insurance companies, which are the bane of my existence. That is by far the worst part of my job. † When asked of what she enjoyed most about her job as a social worker she replied, â€Å"One of the things I like most about social work is the great variety of experiences one can have in a career. You can choose to be a clinician, an administrator, a supervisor, a community organizer, etc. and work with a variety of populations and age groups. Another thing I like is hearing the stories of so many different people and having the privilege of helping them to improve their lives. I also love that social work allows you to work for yourself, if that is your goal. † When I asked her if she had any advice to a prospective social worker she stated, â€Å" Listen to people on their own terms, not through your own filter. Learn not to take things personally (either when you are idealized or blamed for something) but take personal responsibility for your mistakes and promptly acknowledge them. Understand that the work is a collaboration. You and your clients are equals. However, the relationship is LGBTQ SOCIAL WORK one sided in that it is all about the clients interests, not yours. Learn about different theoretical perspectives but dont adhere rigidly to a particular model. And finally, be yourself. † When the interview concluded she simply stated, â€Å"I will just add that I love my profession and would become a social worker all over again. † When asked about her agency and what limitations there were, Schiffer stated, â€Å"The biggest limitation has to do with the absurdities of the insurance companies. When asked for an example she said, â€Å"For example, someone with BCBS (Blue Cross and Blue Shield) contacts me for services as I am in-network with that company, I go through a labyrinthine process of getting benefit information only to find out that they have farmed out behavioral health services to another company with whom I am NOT in network with (because the panel has been closed in Chicago for 20 years). Even though that company (UBH) does not pay the claim, the insureds deductible DOUBLES because I am not one of their providers. † The only criteria Schiffer has is she will not work with anyone who has a history of violence. Reaction Journal When I was first assigned the field of the LGBT community, I was excited. I have always been a supporter of the community, especially since I have 3 family members that are gay and lesbian. However, I never really discussed anything about the LGBTQ community with either of my family members so I was nervous in asking for some assistance. I chose this population because I have always had an interest in the social work involved and my aunt’s ex-girlfriend would tell me some of the stories from the agency she worked. Chicago. I was excited to interview an actual social worker that had worked with my aunt until he canceled last-minute leaving me having to find another social worker to interview. I had initially chose the Howard Brown Health Center because I had been there once before to visit my aunt’s ex-girlfriend and read information on their programs. My interview with Lise Schiffer was very interesting and I learned a lot from her. My favorite part of her interview was the advice she gave to a prospective social worker, especially when she said, â€Å"Be yourself. I did not like how I was not able to talk to Lise Schiffer more on her job and her private practice. I also did not like how difficult the previous social worker made this for me in having to find another social worker so last-minute. In my opinion, love is love. There is no right and wrong sexual orientation. Despite some of my family members’ opinions, I feel we are not to judge and treat someone bad just because of who they are attracted to or who they decide to date. My values and beliefs intersect with the NASW’s code of ethics. When I become a social worker, I will pay special attention to the standards of cultural competence and social diversity which states, â€Å"Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, and mental or physical disability† (2012). I will also respect all clients, even those whose beliefs oppose mine.

The Reggio Emilia Approach

The Reggio Emilia Approach Introduction Environment consists of what surrounds us. It is a very important component since it influences the way an individual grows and develops. While to adults, environment may not be of much importance; for a developing child it is very important.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Reggio Emilia Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Kerka (1999), an environment which provides children with learning opportunities is very important since it gives them a chance to investigate and explore the world around them. The importance of the environment to a developing child (one at preschool and also in primary school level) shall be discussed using the Reggio Emilia approach. The Reggio Emilia approach The Reggio Emilia approach focuses on the importance of the learning environment to a child and how it affects how the child learns and relates with other people. The approach indicates that it is always important for children to be able in a way to control how they conduct their education. This would be easier if the environment could offer opportunities through which the developing child could learn through touching and seeing. The approach tries to promote the intellectual development of the child through a systematic focus on images and symbolic representation. The approach also notes that it is very important for the children as they develop, they be exposed to an environment which allows them to express themselves freely without feeling intimidated. The approach also indicates that the environment should allow developing children to explore and discover the relationship between them and others as well as the surrounding environment (New, 2000). The curriculum focuses on interactions which move in line with the children interests. The ability of the environment to construct a knowledge base through which children are able to interact with leads to it being referred as the thir d teacher. The importance of the learning environment The importance of the environment in which a child develops in depends on the services that it is able to provide the child with. One of the major importance lies on its ability to give a child a space through which he or she can have a meaning and relate to. In this case, the environment offers various experiences and it is through these experiences that children are able to change the way they relate to each other, experience different life experiences and change their way of thinking towards some issues.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An environment through which a child develops also affects learning and relationships due to the different surrounding which a child is exposed to. For example, if we take an example of preschool, when children are exposed to others at young ages; they are able to learn through playing, photographs, pictures and so on. They interact freely and this gives them a chance of being innovative. In this case, the environment offers them a comfortable space where they are able to learn from each other. When the same kind of environment is provided in the classroom, the children are able to learn since the environment communicates and engages with them efficiently. Another importance of environment lies in its ability to provide the aesthetic value to the developing child. Aesthetic value enables children early in their development stages to express their feelings using colors, drawings and design. It is important to note that the aesthetic value of the environment does not have to be achieved by visiting places like museums rather the materials provided in the classroom can be able to provide this kind of environment. The way the environment is organized helps the child in concentrating on whatever activities they are engaged in. It also motivates the child in doing work i n creative ways. References Kerka, S. (1999). Creativity in adulthood. Washington, D.C. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED429 186. New, R. S. (2000). Reggio Emilia: Catalyst for Change and Conversation. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from: https://www.ericdigests.org/2001-3/reggio.htm

Ethical Dilemma Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Dilemma - Article Example Consequently, my aunt lost sight in her right eye. The Persons Involved The people who were involved in the entire mishap were my aunt, the surgeon who was to remove the cataract and the staff who later came following my aunt’s continuous moaning. Decisions made and the Reasons Initially, the procedure seemed to be going on as planned until my aunt started screaming and shaking in pain. It was noted that though two nurses and the surgeon had clearly checked as well as verified that indeed the bottle was filled with lidocaine, the surgeon mistakenly injected her with formaldehyde. If the government had come to discover the malpractice, they would have ended up ending their practice and leaving most of the natives without proper healthcare. Consequently, the doctors decided not to inform us of their actions, leaving us to believe that a poisonous fly had hurt my aunt’s eye. Steps to the Ethical Decision Making Process and their Effectiveness The nurses in this case failed to follow an ethical process as they were not careful enough to ensure that all medicines were labeled appropriately. Additionally, Lipe and Beasley (2004, pp. 233-234) assert that nurses owe their patients a duty of care and the truth in regard to their health, but in this case they failed. For this reason, we had to seek a different opinion from another hospital where it was reported that indeed the surgeon had administered the wrong drugs, causing blindness. What followed were lawsuits, whereby, the hospital was sued for negligence and incompetence and the nurses as well as the surgeon ended up losing their practicing license. The court ordered the defendant to compensate the complainant and ordered for the closure of the hospital. Although compensation did... Asa the discussion declares when a medical error causes a patient to lose her eyesight, the medical staff ends up being put in a complex situation. In case they publicly admit the mistake, they end up losing the trust of the people as well as their aptitude to practice medicine. However, by failing to admit their mistake, they end up lying and endangering the lives of other patients as well as bleaching their duty of care. According to the report findings the procedure seemed to be going on as planned until my aunt started screaming and shaking in pain. It was noted that though two nurses and the surgeon had clearly checked as well as verified that indeed the bottle was filled with lidocaine, the surgeon mistakenly injected her with formaldehyde. If the government had come to discover the malpractice, they would have ended up ending their practice and leaving most of the natives without proper healthcare. Consequently, the doctors decided not to inform us of their actions, leaving us to believe that a poisonous fly had hurt my aunt’s eye. The health professionals are supposed to tell the truth, since they are held to a higher standard by the public, both professionally and morally. On the same note, letting the incident go unpunished could have led to more similar incidents. In this case, the health professionals should have taken an action to tell the truth as it was the moral thing to do and o ffer advice to my aunt on an alternative measure she could undertake in order to recover her sight.

3 question for 2 case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

3 question for 2 - Case Study Example 21). Children Act 1989, section 47. The Act outlines the duty to enquire where there are grounds to believe that a child is being subjected to physical, emotional and sexual harm or neglect currently or in future. A89, section 44, local authorities or other concerned individuals to follow a court procedure to remove a child who is in immediate danger It stipulates that the child should remain in a safe place or access to a child is authorized where it is unreasonably denied. If Jamie is prone to immediate danger while living in Tim’s house, an Emergency Protection Order could be applied. This would take at least 8 days giving the local authority time to assess the situation and decide on how to protect Jamie. They may put him under foster care. Children Act 1989, Schedule 2 outlines the powers of local authorities to provide assistance in areas of finance, counselling and other services that might cut down on the effect of disability in a household. The Children Act 1989 contains an important principle of partnership. This means that social service providers must work in conjunction with the families to protect the child and closely with other institutions like schools. Family Law Act 1996, section 42 which provides for a re non-molestation order. Breach of this order is an offence. It also covers domestic violence protection and orders between sections 24 and 30 of the Crime and Security Act. This is relevant for Rose’s protection. She might seek a non-molestation order against Tim to stop him from assaulting her. Tim would be arrested if he breaches the order (Harris-Short, Miles, 2011, p. 257). Rose is being harassed by Tim and this brings up fear of violence. If Tim is charged he might be ordered to stay away from Rose and breach of this order would lead to arrest (Great Britain, 2014, p. 159). The Act Data Protection of 1998 and data protection principles,

Wastewater Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wastewater Management - Essay Example Considering the sewer systems, earlier sewer systems were combined. They were designed to enable the collection of sanitary and storm wastewater in a single system. As such, they prevented flooding by warding off water from roofs and streets. As a result, early sanitarians concluded that the combined systems did provide adequate health protection. In recent times, this is known as Attached Growth Processes. Wastewater passes over a media along with air (oxygen). Methods like trickling filters and biotowers are effective in removing biodegradable organic wastewater materials. However effective these methods are, the passage of organic matter over oxygen releases some pollutants like poisonous gases like Ammonia and infectious micro-organisms that contaminate the water causing deadly diseases. There are advanced tertiary methods like the addition of chemical to primary clarifiers as a way of removing phosphorus and nitrogen. However, this is viewed as advanced treatment method hence em ployed when some specific wastewater constituents cannot be removed. An example of an advanced method is the Bardenpho-plant that involves the passage of Ammonia gas through several zones (Assano, 2007).

Cultural Context Of Pregnancy And Childbirth Sociology Essay

Cultural Context Of Pregnancy And Childbirth Sociology Essay Childbirth, a universally experienced natural event is uniquely valued as a culturally relatable life experience. While common to all peoples and cultures it is deeply imbedded with significant beliefs, traditions and values unique to each culture. (Rassin, Klug, Nathanzon, Kan Silner, 2009) I will detail cultural variations found in Saudi Arabia with notations regarding how the Muslim religion places a significant influence on the experience of marriage, pregnancy and childrearing. The Muslim religion guides individual behavior in all aspects of life, including relationships between husband and wife, parent and child and between individual and society. Whereas western culture values the individual, independence and self-sufficiency and this outlook pervades all aspects of our society as well as influencing our perspectives on the world around us. By comparison Arabic Muslim societies reject the individual approach as a threat to social structure; sacrificing individuality to mainta in a collective way of life. (Achoui Dwairy, 2006) Historically, the American mans role in marriage, parenting and during childbirth has undergone a reconstruction in the last 50 years. Husbands used to be considered the dominant source of income and power in a marriage, a father functioned as a disciplinarian, in the birthing room a father was relegated to a separate location to wait till the delivery was over. Fathers today are considered partners in the marriage; they take a more nurturing roll in parenting and are considered an integral and vital member of the delivery team. Conversely, Arabian men and women have maintained more traditionally gender separated roles through all aspects of their lives from marriage, childbirth and the rearing of their young. Interestingly, the age at time of marriage is becoming closer between the two cultures, American women average marital age is 26 with mens average age being 27. Arabic women are tending to marry later in life in their early twenties instead of in their teens as the population moves toward urban life with greater emphasis on career. Arabic family life contrasts though with children being supported by their parents well into adulthood as the children mature they are expected to tend to the needs of their aging parents. (Rashad, Osman Roudi-Fahimi) Sexual virtue is highly valued in Muslim communities and there are stringent cultural norms that restrict the sexual and social behavior of women. (Papadopoulos, 2006) Marriage in this culture carries special social status, in particular on the bride as a rite of passage and is viewed as a socially, culturally and legally acceptable sexual relationship. (Rashad, Osman Roudi-Fahimi) Many Arabic couples choose a spouse for themselves although the marriage remains a social and economic contract between the two families. (Rashad, Osman Roudi-Fahimi) Early marriage is still seen, but tends to occur in lower socioeconomic and stricter religious sects or subcultures. There tends to be a wider age disparity between husband and wife the younger the female is in the marriage, with subsequently higher than average birth rates, lower levels of education, greater rates of sexually transmitted diseases and elevated mortality rates during pregnancy and delivery. (Rashad, Osman Roudi-Fahimi) Marriage creates pressure to begin bearing offspring regardless of the society, and here the number of children born to Americans and Arabs differs somewhat as Muslim women are virtually mandated by their Islamic religion to bear children, womens value and purpose is to build and raise a family, with pregnancy occurring earlier in an Arabic marriage often within the first few months. (Papadopoulos, 2006) Pregnancy is fundamentally the same throughout the world, but how we manage care of the pregnant women does differ. The number of women using birth control in Saudi Arabia is on the rise, (Rassin, Klug, Nathanzon, Kan Silner, 2009) yet women often require the permission of her husband for basic health care (Saudi Arabia: Womens, July) severely impacting womens health and ability to decide for herself the care she desires. Arabic women are much less likely to have genetic testing to assess for genetic anomalies or disorders despite the high rate of consanguinity found in the Arabic communities. (Rashad, Osman Roudi-Fahimi) Arabic women tend to not work outside the home during pregnancy and are less likely to have drivers licenses overall. (Rassin, Klug, Nathanzon, Kan Silner, 2009) Educational opportunities regarding pregnancy and the impending delivery are much less available to the Arabic woman as they are more often cared for by their mothers and mothers-in-law throughout their antenatal and post natal periods. (Rassin, Klug, Nathanzon, Kan Silner, 2009) The physical birth experience varies little and is universally regarded as one of the most joyous occasions but the social structures that surround labor and delivery varies greatly. Traditional Muslim deliveries are primarily a female only state of affair and the men are not expected to participate in the experience. (Linda Cassar, 2006) The delivery most often occurs at a hospital with the womans mother or mother-in-law in attendance. Arabic women tend to be more demonstrative expressing labor pain through screaming and crying yet they use epidural anesthesia less often. Almost all Arabic women also breast feed their newborns which may last on average 9 or more months. (Rassin, Klug, Nathanzon, Kan Silner, 2009) Many Muslim cultures have rituals that are used to protect the baby from evil spirits that may include the use of charms, amulets, stones, the reading of verses from the Quran, and the whispering of prayers in the newborns ears by the male family members. Circumcision of m ale children occurs among Arabic families though there is no prescribed time frame as is common to the Jewish faith. (Linda Cassar, 2006) The rearing of young is vastly different from culture to culture; the psychosocial development of children depends on how they are raised by their parents, and by their society. The behavior of the children influences the parents behavior just as the cultural values and norms influences the parents behaviors. Western cultures place emphasis on psychological individuation and tend to appreciate autonomy, fostering independence as the child matures to self-sufficiency. Arab societies tend to be collective and authoritarian, the extended and nuclear family are more important than the individual and the Muslim religion reinforces this collective point of view. Arabian children grow up with values of loyalty and respect for their families and are socialized with punishments to enforce these values, norms and behaviors. The Arab individual possesses an identity that is enmeshed in the collective family identity. (Achoui Dwairy, 2006) Achoui, M., Dwairy, M. (2006). Introduction to three cross-regional research studies on parenting styles, individuation, and mental health in arab societies. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY, Vol. 37(No. 3), 221-229. Retrieved from http://ipac.kacst.edu.sa/eDoc/eBook/4465.pdf Cassar, L. (2006). Cultural expectations of Muslims and Orthodox Jews in regard to pregnancy and the postpartum period: a study in comparison and contrast. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 21(2), 27. Papadopoulos, I. (2006). Transcultural health and social care: Development of culturally competent practitioners. Elsevier Health Sciences. Rashad, R., Osman, M., Roudi-Fahimi, F. (n.d.). Marriage in the arab world. In POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU. Washington, DC: POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/pdf05/marriageinarabworld_eng.pdf Rassin, M., Klug, E., Nathanzon, H., Kan, A., Silner, D. (2009). Cultural differences in child delivery: comparisons between Jewish and Arab women in Israel. International Nursing Review, 56(1), 123-130. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00681.x Saudi arabia: Womens rights promises broken. (July, 2009 08). Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/news/2009/07/08/saudi-arabia-women-s-rights-promises-broken Selin, H. (2009). Childbirth across cultures: Ideas and practices of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum. New York: Springer Science and Business Media. (Selin, 2009)

Multi-Perspective Approach to Understanding Organization Essay

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a multi-perspective approach to understanding organization? In answering the question you will need to engage with the nature of the various perspectives and how they enable and limit our understanding of organization. There are different ways in how people produce different knowledge and thus many people have come out with their own concepts and theories. This results in multiple perspectives that help to generate idea about different organization and organizing. The more knowledge of multiple perspectives, concepts and theories, the greater will be your capacity to choose a better approach with regards to the problems faced in your current company. Multi perspective is created as belief, assumptions and knowledge of the world influence how researchers carry out their research and manage their organization. What you do is to assume which approach does best for your industries and organization and for that you design and amend accordingly to be the best way to of optimizing man power and profit. The benefits of a multi-perspective approach would be (cited from page 11) multiple perspectives will also help organization embrace complexity and uncertainty and their contradictory demands. Managers and employees now are expected to do more with less, to maximize both short term gain and long term investment, and be more efficient as well as more humane and ethical. By confronting such a variety of contradictory forces demands the broadest set of concept and theories that your mind can grasp. Secondly, people raised question about the nature of ethical action and manager’s face when trying to act in socially and organization responsible ways. The advantages of using multiple perspective helps people aware of the assumption and values underlying your theory and practices, which in turn should make you more conscious of your reason for doing things and better able to understand the reason behind the action taken by others. Being able to reflect on your own reasoning process a nd compare them you will develop ethical awareness. Thirdly, if you learn about multiple perspective, you will be able to understand how different perspectives influence the way you and others experience by interpreting and shape organization realities. You will become a more effective member of any organization to join. Let me evaluate with the two important philosophical choices of ontology and epistemology. Ontology concerns our assumtion about reality which you don’t question whether all this things are real or have an existence undependent because of you (cited from pg12) pjilosphers sometimes refers to these as existential question because they attribute existence to one set of things(reality) but not to another (unreal). Which means that you carry out task upon your own perspective only, while you disregard other perspective. The disadvantages will be it will lead to arguments between those who maintain different perspectives and cause them to set up seperate and conflicting mates. This is a major concerns as people have been always living in their own world and never care of other people’s feeling which causes conflict around their organization and families. People experience different things as what they do everyday or even their personalities are different from other peoople we call this term subjectivist. Whereas Objectivist is different, theybelieve that what reality exist independently of those who lives in it, people also reacted to what is happening around them in predictable ways because their behaviour is part of the material world in which they live is determined by causes (cited from page 12). Example, if you are hoping to own a european car and the behaviour in which you have to work hard to pay for it is determined by wanting to own the car. Epistemology whereas is concerned with knowing how you can know. Epistemology is closely related to ontology because the anwsers to there questions depend on and help to forge assumptions about the nature of reality. This two terms determined the three major multiple perspective approach to understanding organisation. Usually the three multiple perspectives can be comparable using these two variables ontology and epistemology. Modernism is usually objectivism, you must limit commit to limiting what you count as knowledge to what you can know through your five senses. Results can be taken again if steps of the procedure is followed again using the five senses and the respective sense-enhancing devices. Modernist organization theorist also believes that if they can get whole of the complete knowledge by understanding how and why organisations function the way they do and how their function is influence by different environment conditions. Therefore to get a modernist perspective effective organisation is to being able to balace internal and external pressures, develop core competencies, increase efficiency and versertile to changes. The theories that influence modernist are general system theory, socio-technical systems theory and contingency theory. General system theory is to understand and grasp the concept of system and it characteristics of the company, which it can also mutually interrelated into parts called subsystem for easier understanding of each process. By using differentiation it provides the system with the benefits of specialization. To put into simpler terms a organisation if want to use the general system theory, that means that they will divide the units and departments and each department with the benefits of specialization. For socio-technical theory, they focus on a number of humanistic issues, by treating organisation as a social system, the social and psychological consequence of work design, the importance of the work group compared to the individual and the need for a division of labour that considers increasing rather than decreasing the variety of work skills and task. Socio-technical theory also suggest that self-managed teams should be the building blocks of organizational design and that could lessen the need for hierarchy form of organisation. Whereas for contingency theory, theorist will try to identify the key contingencies in each situation and try to determine the best fits between them, this theory have remain very popular among companies because they take seductive form of recipes for success.

Colonial and Revolutionary Eras in America Essay

The colonial and Revolutionary eras in America are not so chronologically distant, yet they are two very different times for America. These two eras are very important parts of America’s history. The transformation of colonial America to Revolutionary America is quick but drastic. To be a colonial American would mean solely relying on God. An American at that time would center their whole life around God. They believed they did not personally own anything. For example, in Anne Bradstreet’s poem â€Å"Upon a Burning House†, Anne implied that it was wrong to feel sorry for the loss of your house or family, because the Puritan belief was that everything is owned by God. Anne considered herself lucky because she was left with the most important thing of all; her life (Chin 78). Anne Bradstreet most captured my attention with her writing style and her pure love of God. Puritans believed that â€Å"if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf† (Chin 103). It was easy for the British to keep people of the Puritan lifestyle under its crown because of their religious beliefs (Kiracofe) The Revolutionary era is when the colonists began to become more opinionated. The start of the Revolutionary era was when the British began taxing sugar. The sugar act lead to a boycott of buying all British imports. The Boycott put the British in great debt and was eventually repealed. At that point, the colonists discovered that they do have a say in their government. The people of America began relying on logistics and facts instead of their faith. This lead to the Revolutionary war, also called the War of Independence (Higginbotham). More and more people began speaking their mind, such as Phillis Wheatley, an African American who writes a Revolutionary piece of art, praising George Washington for fighting and leading in the Revolutionary war. The colonists began to become more and more individualized from the British. The whispers of rebellion turned into shouts after the Stamp Act. The farmers and merchants of America quickly transformed from strongly religious and peaceful men, into soldiers of the Revolutionary war. Colonial and Revolutionary Americans are two very different groups of people. The colonists were Puritans which means they were highly religiously dependent. Although the Revolutionary Americans did believe that there was a God and that he was on their side, they took their own initiative and fought for their freedom from Britain’s crown. If it were not for Revolutionary thinkers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, and the men who fought for this country, America would still be under the British laws and taxation. We would not have the rights and freedoms we have today. The Revolutionary war has made America for what it is today.

Meaning of Illness essays

Meaning of Illness essays Professional Articles The Social Meaning of Illness The article that I choose to use for this assignment was "The Measurement of Meaning in Illness" by Betsy L. Fife. I was assigned chapter 5, which dealt with the social meaning of illness. The chapter explored the idea of illness as a form of social control and considers the various models of illness and how they have changed over time. The Sociological model of illness refers to the subjective judgment regarding the meaning of the condition or behavior. It defines illness by defining its abnormal and undesirable affects. Illness is also shown to be a social construction, or something that exists in the world because we have defined it as existing rather than it being an objective condition. This means that labeling a condition an illness will reflect the perceived undesirable affects of that condition. Therefor, when we label a person as ill, we are labeling them as undesirable. Illness is defined in terms of social norms which are expectations within a given culture regarding proper behavior or appearance. From the sociological standpoint, illness is a form of deviance. Deviance refers to the behaviors or conditions that socially powerful persons within the culture perceive either accurately or inaccurately as immoral or as violating social norms.. Violations of social norms result in the enforcement of negat ive social sanctions, or any form of punishment from ridicule to execution. These social sanctions are enforced by social control agents such as parents, police, doctors and teachers. Over time there were several theories that were developed to help explain illness. Modern theories of the causes of illness are divided into either personalistic theories or naturalistic theories. Personalistic theories of illness are derived from thoughts that an illness occurs when a god, witch, spirit or other supernatural power lashes out at an individual either deservedly or m...

Utilitarian, Libertarian, Deontological, And Virtue Ethics Perspectives

Utilitarian, Libertarian, Deontological, And Virtue Ethics Perspectives An ethical dilemma is a situation that involves conflicts between moral principles in which obeying one ultimately results to transgression of the other. The utilitarian ethical perspective holds that a good course of action maximizes happiness for the parties involved, and therefore the moral worth of a certain action is determined by its outcome.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Utilitarian, Libertarian, Deontological, And Virtue Ethics Perspectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Libertarian ethical principles hold that individuals have the right to be respected and the only limit to an individuals ability to enjoy these rights is the obligation to respect others’ basic rights. Deontological theories are also referred to as duty-based ethics. In deontology, morality is judged through examining the nature of the actions and the will of the individuals to do the right thing. Drawing judgment from an indi viduals will and control of certain actions is based on the argument that the future is not controllable. Virtue ethics perspective emphasizes on the influence of character traits and moral virtues toward the resultant ethical behavior.1 For the utilitarian principle, completion of the project could give a team a satisfaction for its achievement. Melanie and other members of her team were putting in extra time to ensure that the project was completed and launched in a few weeks. Several individuals at Zagante were forced to put in extra working hours to complete their assignments related to the software code project. Some dedicated members of the staff were forced to sleep in their cubicles because of the demands of their assignments. Melanies hard work was aimed at ensuring a successful launch of the product together with hopes for promotion to the projects senior vice president.2 On the contrary, considering the deontological theory, Melanie and the team were working on TerraPix 2 .0 map-making software meant for enhancing topographical view for the oil companies. Technology related companies in the region had suffered in the previous two years and Zagante was not exception. Although the company survived through the hard time, it was affected financially thus forcing its management to freeze the hiring process. This meant that although the present employees were lucky to retain their jobs, they had to work extremely hard to ensure that the product was a success. In an effort to maintain their jobs, zagante staff was exploited through the requirement to put in extra time and effort at the minimal pay.3Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the process of carrying out evaluations for her team members, Melanies comparison between Tom’s and Jeremy’s profiles is a dilemma. This brings into focus the virtue ethics. Although both candidates disp layed outstanding qualities, Tom’s profile was more striking professionally but Melanie leaned on Jeremy’s side because she considered him as a close friend. On the contrary, considering libertarian principle, Melanie caught Jeremy programming a game instead of working on the running project, TerraPix. Later on, Jeremy admitted that he was working on a project he had picked from his brother-in-law’s company. His brother in laws company was pressured by the need to complete the programs before the commencement of a certain trade show. According to Jeremy, the offer, that includes the payment was good such that he could not decline. Melanie confronted Jeremy for moonlighting, and inquested to know how he felt about it. According to Melanie, the team had their own project, which might not be as enticing but it was important for the company.4 On the utilitarian principle, Jeremy argued that he was fully engaged in the project and only took the side assignments becau se he felt that he could comfortably handle them off his working hours. According to Jeremy, his brother in law’s company was conversant with his tight schedule at work and were okay with it.5 Melanie was angered because he felt that the best programmer in the organization was on his exit from the company. On the contrary, considering the deontological principles, Melanie continued to question Jeremy if he would take up the opportunity if they offered a full time position and whether he was happy in his current job. Jeremy took up the side job to have fun, break the monotony of doing the same thing day in day out, and he was interested in gaming from childhood. In addition, he was learning new techniques which could be helpful to Zagante in the future. For example, he said that he was learning to use MAX 4 modelling tool, which at some point zagante had considered checking it out.6 According to Simons, straightforward ethical decisions are meant for enhancing both short-term and long-term benefits of the growth of the business.7Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Utilitarian, Libertarian, Deontological, And Virtue Ethics Perspectives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethics are aimed at protecting and maintaining a good business and individuals reputation. For example values like honesty, conscientiousness, and integrity create a connection between ethical principles and the expected business activities. Jeremy’s need for extra income to support his family brings in the deontological principle. Melanie demanded to know the precise reason as to why Jeremy decided to take up the extra work. Was it because working at Zagante had become monotonous or for the need of the money. Jeremy made it clear that he was not sacrificing to be away from his family , especially the newborn for fun, but it was because life was becoming expensive day in day out. In addition the fact that his wife w as not going to work for some time meant that he had to provide for the entire household solely. In the interest of the company and Jeremy (utilitarian principle), Melanie requested Jeremy to focus on terrapix because they expected his entire devotion to enhance successful launching of the project. Melanie promised to keep the secret of Jeremys moonlighting so far as Jeremy would not do anything that would jeopardize the success of the project and his reputation.8 Appropriate ethical behavior acts as a guideline to what may be considered in a business organization as the right course of action. According to American Psychiatric Association, decisions made for proper business management are never ethical even in situations in which they seem to adhere to the required ethical principles.9 Ethical decisions are considered to be right when they in conflict with important business decisions. The awareness of the existing conflict justifies the decision. In the process of safeguarding the interest of the company, deontological principle , Melanie carried out research in an effort to understand the consequences of moonlighting. Melanie found out about a case involving a supervisor from the city water department. The supervisor operated an irrigation business besides his job and had used his employers resources to carry out his personal work. Melanie related this to Jeremy’s case whereby he was using Zagantes computers to carry out his personal tasks. In another case, a teacher moonlighted as a stripper in which although she enjoyed doing it, it was not beneficial to her toward her growth managerially. Jeremys case still bothered her. This is because he moonlighted for a company which was not a competitor meaning that he had little to gain from the side job and he was using Zagantes resources (computer). But onto her fears, Melanie was not ready to fire Jeremy because the company could not afford to lose such a talent. Melanie considered that moonlighting could not earn Jeremy a promotion and after his search, there was no other case of an individual who had been promoted for moonlighting.10Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In situations where an organization does not regulate a certain behavior, its activities can be regulated by external policies. For the virtue ethics, Melanie further inquested from the companys human resource director, Jill Darby, if there were any policies on employees moonlighting. Melanie lied that there was no one involved in moonlighting, but she was only concerned because the issue came up with her team. Jill confirmed that the company did not have any policies. However, according to Jill, the state has stipulated clear rules about it, in addition to the vacuum created by the incomplete agreement signed when one is hired. In business organizations, there should be a coincidence between the quest for personal interests and ethical behavior.11 Covering up of behavior is usually harmful to the business in the long run. When Jill asked whether the company was facing a potential problem, Melanie covered up for Jeremy and lied that her team was a source of solutions and not problem s. Melanie explained that her concern was fueled by frustration of her team members because of bare minimal pay rises in the entire year. Melanie tried to explain that although employees understand the financial situation of the company, they could take up side jobs to meet their financial needs. To solve the employees financial strains, Jill referred Melanie to Aaron who could offer low interest rate loans to employees who were in a fix.12 Virtue Ethics Perspective The ethical dilemma presented by the case study can be solved using the virtue ethics principles. A behavior which is detrimental to the business in the short term but enhances growth of the business in the long term should be encouraged. According to Grace and Cohen, the ideas acquired from such practices can be used in redefining the business.13 Changing of the new ideas into a profession enables the business to benefit from the inventions. As Melanie thought about Jeremy, she gathered that he was faithful to the compa ny, he had worked there for five years, earned promotions and importantly enjoyed working for the company. She informed David and Marc that Frank Lloyd was fired for moonlighting. According to David, that was a bad managerial decision that most probably his boss regretted for a long time. Melanie said that she was not going to fire Jeremy because moonlighting was kind of normal to programmers. David supported her idea by explaining that when he worked at way bridge associates, the architects had side businesses of designing houses that paid less. In these circumstances, virtue ethics principle allows Jeremy to carry out the side business as far as it does not affect his performance in the project. Melanie asked whether these side businesses affected their jobs and David said that it had no effect because it was expected. In addition, moonlighting for the architects gave the firm a reason to pay the architects less than their worth. However, side jobs enabled the architects to learn new ideas and bring them into the project.14 In conclusion, Melanie called jeremy in her office and explained to him that the company could give low interest loans and thus he would not be required to take up side jobs. Jeremy declined the offer and Melanie was upset because the side job was not beneficial to the project. In addition, she was afraid of the implications of Jeremy’s moonlighting to the rest of the team. Jeremy did not care about the effect of his actions to the rest of the team.15 He considered them as grown ups who were obligated to perform their duties. In addition, Jeremy considered that so long as he performed his duties to meet the projects expectations, it was not important to the team and the management on what he did with time out of the office. Melanie was agitated by this statement and realized that it was time for her and the organization to fire Jeremy. In trying to offer Jeremy a solution to his financial constraints, Melanie did not consider other interests Jeremy derived from taking the side job and this made them to fall apart.16 Value Ethics Bibliography American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub. 1994. Drumwright, Minette, and Murphy, Patrick. â€Å"How Advertising Practitioners View Ethics: Moral Muteness, Moral Myopia, and Moral Imagination.† Journal of Advertising, 33 (2004): 7-24. Grace, Damian and Cohen, Stephen. Business Ethics: Australian Problems and Cases. 2 Ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998. Hinman, Lawrence. Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994. Rachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. Robinson, Mary 2000, Business and Human Rights: A Progress Report. PDF File. 8 August 2012. Sandel, Michael. â€Å"The Case Against Perfection.† The Atlantic Monthly (April 2004): 1-11. Savulescu, J et al. â€Å"Why We Should Al low Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport.† British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38 (2004): 666-670. Simons, Paul. Be Interested in the People You Serve and Your Life Will Be Happy†, Fourth Annual Lecture. Sydney: St. James Ethics Centre. 1994. Singer, Peter. Practical Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1993. Footnotes 1 Savulescu, J. et al. â€Å"Why We Should Allow Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport.† British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38 (2004): p. 669. 2 Savulescu, J et al. â€Å"Why We Should Allow Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport.† British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38 (2004): 669. 3 James, Rachels. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. p. 226. 4 Minette, Drumwright, and Murphy, Patrick. â€Å"How Advertising Practitioners View Ethics: Moral Muteness, Moral Myopia, and Moral Imagination.† Journal of Advertising, 33 (2004): 7-24. 5 Robinson, Mary 2000, Business and Human Rights: A Progress Report. PDF Fi le. 8 August 2012. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/BusinessHRen.pdf 6 Minette, Drumwright, and Murphy, Patrick. â€Å"How Advertising Practitioners View Ethics: Moral Muteness, Moral Myopia, and Moral Imagination.† Journal of Advertising, 33 (2004): 7-24. 7 Simons, Paul. Be Interested in the People You Serve and Your Life Will Be Happy†, Fourth Annual Lecture. Sydney: St. James Ethics Centre. 1994. p.16. 8 Lawrence, Hinman. Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994. 9 James, Rachels. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. p.56 10 Michael, Sandel. â€Å"The Case Against Perfection.† The Atlantic Monthly (April 2004): 1-11. 11 Lawrence, Hinman. Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994.p. 106. 12 Michael, Sandel. â€Å"The Case Against Perfection.† The Atlantic Monthly (April 2004): 1-11. 13 Damian, Grace, and S tephen, Cohen. Business Ethics: Australian Problems and Cases. 2 Ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998. p.2 14 Hinman, Lawrence. Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994. P.211. 15 Singer, Peter. Practical Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1993. p.183. 16 Lawrence, Hinman. Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994. p. 304

Main Material Input and Output Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Main Material Input and Output - Essay Example As well, this paper names and discusses three potential P2 opportunities for the industry. In the metallurgical industry particles are emitted in production that â€Å"†¦may contain lead, mercury, and other heavy metals† (Cheremisinoff, 2001, 33). For example, coke production involves volatile components. In the US, in the iron and steel industry, coke is used in what is termed the byproduct coke process, that is, byproduct coke ovens are used and the high heat releases comppounds such as benzene, butane, hydrogen cyanide, and propane. The P2 opportunity that this presents is by use of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Standard will help in the reduction of charging and leaking emissions by some two-thirds and bypass/bleeder stacks by ninty-eight percent (Marsosudiro, 2014, 2-3). Another potential P2 opportunity is also in the use of ironmaking technology, that is, direct reduction ironmaking (DRI) as well as pulverized coal injection (PCI). These two proce sses can reduce the use of coal in ironmaking (Marsosudiro, 2014, 5). Other processes that can assist in pollution prevention are natural gas injection, which can replace up to 25% of coal use, as well as oil injection (Marsosudiro, 2014, 6). Marsosudiro, P. (2014). Pollution Prevention in the Integrated Iron and Steel Industry and its Potential Role in MACT Standards Development . Retrieved from P2 Infohouse: A Comprehensive Pollution Prevention Reference Collection:

Annotation - The Tale of Genji Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotation - The Tale of Genji - Article Example The novel shows how the Lotus Sutra entered Japan on her way from China in the early 9th century thus becomes tied to the courts nobles (Murasaki 67). Tale of Genji is a thrilling novel, which follows the life of a charming and handsome courtier from his childhood numerous adventures to renewed success and exile. It focuses on the painful death of his dearest companion called Murasaki and his son’s closest friend Kashiwagi betrayal. At long run, the novel shifts its attention to Genji’s descendants after his death caused by the devastation after his new wife becoming a nun. The novel revolves around certain themes, which emanates from the characters such as Genji in the novel. The novel depicts the theme of society from the elite group of aristocrats who are more interested in their own leisure because of the location of the emperor at their centre, thus creating a vast society. The aristocrats after obsessions by the breeding and rankings they would sensitized on nature’s beauty through the music pleasures and warm clothing (Murasaki 102). This depicts by Heian courtiers who knew little about the outside world form their capital and less cared. They considered as common people almost becoming sub humans because they rarely or never travelled at all. In the novel, there existed five court ranks with the top three ranks being high court nobles while the fourth and the fifth ranks being the provincial governor class. These classes often sneered at because of its courtified behavior and its lower rank. This depicted the theme of society existed with Murasaki being a Fujiwara and the governor of Echizen daughter. The provincial governors in the novel did well financially, but they considered the three-year duty tour to the provinces to be virtual exile. The Heian trips to the provincial capitals and the religious pilgrimages were the only undertaken travel by the Aristocrats. This act of the Heian Aristocrats lack of