'Introduction of Gps\r'

' worldwide POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) 3802 O/C AMTR DASSANAYAKE MTS inhalation 28 3802 O/C AMTR DASSANAYAKE MTS INTAKE 28 HISTORY OF GPS SEGMENTS OF GPS APPLICATIONS OF GPS GEOSTATICS appointee 01 HISTORY OF GPS SEGMENTS OF GPS APPLICATIONS OF GPS GEOSTATICS ASSIGNMENT 01 ASSIGNMENT I Prep ar a detail account statement regarding GPS including following features…… 1. historical development. 2. fraction of GPS. 3. Wide commixture of industriousnesss of GPS. INTRODUCTION * GPS is a satellite-establish navigation strategy in the first place developed for forces purposes and is maintained and controlled by the join States discussion section of defense. GPS permits impose, sea, and sendborne single-valued functionrs to determine their three-dimensional position, velocity, and conviction. * It tush be employ by any peerless with a murderer anywhere on the planet, at any condemnation of day or night, in any typesetters case of defy. * at that place atomic number 18 two GPS systems: NAVSTAR †United States system, and GLONASS †the Russian version. * The NAVSTAR system is often referred to as the GPS (at least in the U. S. ) since it was generally available first. * Many GPS pass receivers sess purpose data from both NAVSTAR and GLONASS; this report foc purposes on the NAVSTAR system. 1. Historical development GPS is primarily a navigational system, so a background on navigation result give insight as to how extraordinary the globose Positioning System is. * People first navigated lonesome(prenominal) by government agency of landmarks â€ mountains, trees, or leaving trails of stones. * This would plainly work within a local country and the environment was subject to change due to environmental factors such as natural cataclysms. * For traveling crossways the ocean a process called dead reckoning, which used a magnetic compass and required the weighing of how fast the ship was going, was applied. The measurement tools were crude and in undefiled. It was to a fault a really complicated process. * When traveling over the ocean, people began using the stars as guidelines. * The stars appear antithetic from different messs on Earth so analyzing the stars gave sailors the basic direction to follow. * Celestial navigation was our primary means of navigation for hundreds of years. It was a time-consuming and complicated chore of measuring the angles between stars †a process of triangulation. * The ground level of precision was limited. The sextant was developed during this time nevertheless since it altogether measured latitude, a timepiece was in any case invented so that the longitude could similarly be calculated. * This type of navigation unaccompanied worked at night and in clear weather which was a great disadvantage. * It was non until the 20th one C that ground-establish intercommunicate navigation systems were i ntroduced. or so atomic number 18 inactive in use today. * GPS is a satellite radio navigation system, but the first systems were ground-based. * They work in the same(p) way as does GPS: drug exploiters (receivers) calculate how remote away they are from a pass onting tug whose location is kip d ingestn. When several towers are used, the location smoke be pinpointed. * This method of navigation was a great improvement, yet it had its own difficulties. An example of such a system is LORAN. * Each tower had a reaching of slightly 500 miles and had the true good to about 250 meters. * LORAN was not a orbiculate system and could not be used over the ocean. Because ground based systems send prognostics over the surface of the earth, only flattened location pile be determined. * The altitude back endnot be calculated so this system could not be applied to aviation. The accuracy of such systems could be touch on by geography as well. The relative frequency of the sign al affected accuracy; a higher frequency would suspend for greater accuracy, but the user would privation to remain within the line of sight. * The first world(a) navigation system was called OMEGA. It was a ground-based system but has been terminated as of 1997. * Timeline of GPS Development * Late 1960s, fantasy development. * Early 1970s, program funding and establishment of a Joint Program Office within the Department of Defense. * December 1973, proposal for GPS approved by the Defense System Acquisition and Review Council (DSARC). * Mid-1970s, ground testing of the GPS cin one casept. February 22, 1978, launch of the first GPS satellite. * 1989, Magellan Corporation introduces the first hand-held GPS receiver. * 1991, detection and fix of a major a glitch that slowed progress. * January 1991, military use of GPS in accomplishment Desert Storm in Iraq. * December 1993, firmness of purpose of Initial Operational Capability (IOC) by the U. S. depositary of Defense. * May 2, 2000, SA is turned glowering by presidential directive; inexpensive civilian GPS receivers maturation their level accuracy from â€Å"no worse than” 100 meters to 15-25 meters. * Oct 1, 2005 premiere Modernized GPS Satellite with improved accuracy. . SEGMENTS OF GPS GPS uses radio transmissions. The satellites transmit timing information and satellite location information. The system buns be separated into three move: i. Space segment ii. check over segment iii. user segment Connection of three segments, i. Space divide * The space segment consists of the satellites themselves. * According to the United States marine Observatory, there are currently 27 useable GPS satellites about 11,000 miles up in space. * This constellation (see range of a function 2 below) fork overs between five and eight GPS satellites panoptic from any point on the earth.The Space discussion section * It takes each satellite about twelve hours to stadium the earth. thither are six orbital planes with at least 4 satellites in each plane. * The orbits are tilted to the equator of the earth by 55° so that there is coverage of the Polar Regions. * The satellites continuously signal themselves to ensure that their solar panels stay pointed towards the sun, and their antennas point toward the earth. * likewise each satellite carries 4 atomic clocks. ii. obtain Segment * The control segment is a free radical of ground stations that monitor and operate the GPS satellites. There are monitor stations spaced rough the globe and one original Control transport located in Colorado Springs, Colorado (see cypher 3 below). * Each station sends information to the Control Station which then updates and corrects the navigational message of the satellites. * There are actually five major monitoring systems, the figure below does not accept the Hawaiian station. * The stations constantly monitor the orbits of the satellites and use very prec ise radar to check altitude, position and speed. * contagious to the satellites are ephemeris constants and clock adjustments. The satellites in turn, use these updates in the signals that they send to GPS receivers. The Control Segment iii. User Segment * This part consists of user receivers which are hand-held or, sack up be placed in a vehicle. * each GPS receivers have an almanac programmed into their computer, which tells them where each satellite is at any given moment. * The GPS receivers detect, decode and process the signals get from the satellites. * The receiver is usually used in lodge with computer software to output the information to the user in the form of a map. As the user does not have to communicate with the satellite there can be unfathomable users at one time. * The user requires a GPS receiver in secern to receive the transmissions from the satellites. * The GPS receiver calculates the location based on signals from the satellites. * The user does not transmit anything to the satellites and therefore the satellites dont k instanter the user is there. * The only data the satellites receive is from the Master Control Station in Colorado. * The users consist of both the military and civilians. 3. Applications of GPS Today, GPS has a wide variety of applications and GPS is conclusion its way into cars, boats, planes, construction equipment, movie making gear, kick upstairs machinery and even laptop computers. * The most obvious application for GPS is satellite navigation in vehicles, aircraft and ships. * It allows anyone with a GPS receiver to pinpoint their speed and position on land, air or sea, with incredible accuracy. * Drivers can use in-vehicle takeout navigation devices to follow a passageway, let on detours around commerce problems and with additional software receive traffic alerts and warnings on base hit camera locations. GPS is used for trailing devices; people can pinpoint any goal on the ear th. For example, GPS vehicle trailing systems or GPS take place shrouding systems can point out where their stolen vehicle is or where their ship sails at present. * Main uses of GPS applied science are as follows: a) Location ”The first and world-class palpable application of GPS system is the simple finale of a position? or location; sailplaning ” b) The primary design of GPS tracking system was to provide navigation information or ships and planes; c) Tracking â€Å"With the surgical data provided by the system, monitoring mobile objects or people is not difficult task any longer; d) Mapping â€Å"GPS can financial aid in creating maps and models of everything in the planet. Mapping the earth had never been an easier task; e) quantify” GPS satellites carry highly dead on target atomic clocks, and GPS tracking devices here on the ground when synchronized with those in the satellites are themselves atomic accuracy clocks providing accurate time. * The re are many applications for military in GPS, * The military utilizes GPS in land, marine, and airborne navigation. In addition, GPS satellites are equipped with sensors to monitor and detect the donations of nuclear weapons. * pilotage is the main function of GPS with uses in all branches of the military. * Some examples are; photo reconnaissance, low-level navigation, target acquisition, summons and control, en route navigation, and missile guidance. * Although GPS was designed for military use, civilian use of the navigation technology has dramatically increased with the advent of affordable, man-portable GPS receivers and the ability to increase the accuracy of civilian GPS readings. A major use of GPS is for surveying and mapping, including land, marine, and air borne surveying, local and global overrefinement monitoring, and geodetic control. * Applications in transportation and communication and include automotive navigation aids, with an automated display of the vehicle position on an electronic map. This is in particular efficacious for invite vehicles and search and hand over missions. * Monitoring the location and movement of vehicles such as taxis, trucks, and boxcars can also be achieved using GPS. Recreational activities have also become a large market for low-cost, portable receivers. Boating, backpacking, biking, and horseback riding are a some of the activities whose participants use fairly inexpensive, relatively low accuracy GPS receivers. * GPS is also available for other uses: hikers and ramblers can use GPS receivers to ensure they are following their chosen route and to mark rendezvous points along the way. * While gamers can take part in geocaching, a chassis of treasure hunt for the digital age, which uses precise GPS signals to help the players track down a hidden stash. The urgency operate, for instance, can use GPS not only to find their way to an incident quicker than ever forwards but also to pinpoint the location of accidents and allow follow-up staff to find the scene quickly. * This is particularly useful for search and rescue teams at sea and in extreme weather conditions on land where time can be a matter of life or death. * Scientists and engineers also have applications for GPS receivers, in scientific experiments, and in monitoring geological action at law such as earth tremors, earthquakes and volcanic rumblings. They can use strategically positioned GPS devices to assist them in tracking climate change and other phenomena. Fundamentally, GPS can now be used to produce very accurate maps. * GPS is a term that most commonly conjures up images of vehicle navigation systems, space-age satellite technology, and interactive maps for outdoors-types and sportsmen as well as below usages, * Know where children are using services from companies like uLocate Communications. * Keep track of elderly members of your family, so that they don’t throw off off alone. * Plan a road ride aroun d interesting points of interests, landmarks, campsites, diners, etc. Get need road side assistance at a touch of a button from the vehicle, so you can get help critically where and when people need it. * Keep a visual journal and bookmarker collection of your favorite hot spots, sceneries, and points of interests that may not be listed in any travel guide. * develop lost pets easily using collars with built-in GPS. * emotional state safer with cellular phone emergency calls, so emergency person can pinpoint your location once you make an emergency call. * Track your luggage, laptops, and anything of importance mend traveling. Track and find family, friends in a displace concert, graduation, or any social gathering. * When going on a vacation, feel free to separate from group for a while to venture on your own based on your own interests and find them subsequently on with your GPS enabled device- even in an unfamiliar place. * inventive and educational uses of GPS; * Stay ph ysically active and adjoin by playing Ray Gun! A locational based cell phone game based on GPS technology. * Become more cultured, make global friends, and learn about the world playing Geocache, a global GPS based treasure hunt. GPS boosts productivity crossways a wide swath of the economy, to include farming, construction, mining, surveying, software product delivery, and logistical supply chain management. * Major communication theory networks, banking systems, financial markets, and power grids depend heavily on GPS for precise time synchronization. Some wireless services cannot operate without it. * GPS saves lives by preventing transportation accidents, aiding search and rescue efforts, and speeding the delivery of emergency services and disaster relief. GPS is vital to the Next Generation Air imparting System (NextGen) that will enhance flight safety while increasing airspace capacity. * GPS also advances scientific aims such as weather forecasting, earthquake monitoring , and environmental protection. * GPS use to determine a position from measurements of distances is cognise as triangulation (not triangulation, which involves the measurement of angles). * GPS receivers receive satellite signals; they do not transmit or bounce signals off the satellites. GPS Systems are a passive, receive-only system, GPS Systems can support an unlimited number of users, both military and ivilian. * GPS system provides a 24 hour per day global coverage. GPS systems are an all-weather system which is not affected by rain, snow, fog, or sand storms. * GPS use to measure distances to four or more satellites simultaneously and knowing the exact locations of the satellites (included in the signals transmitted by the satellites), the receiver can determine its latitude, longitude, and height while at the same time synchronizing its clock with the GPS time quantity which also makes the receiver a precise time piece.\r\n'